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JavaScript的for…in循环用于迭代访问对象中的可枚举(enumerable)属性:
| 1234567891011121314151617 | var tMinus = {two: "Two",one: "One",zero: "Blast off!"};var countdown = "";for (var step in tMinus) {countdown += tMinus[step] + "n";}console.log(countdown);// => "Two// One// Blast Off!// " |
因为for…in循环支持所有的JavaScript对象,所以它同样可用于数组对象之中:
| 1234567891011121314151617 | var tMinus = ["Two","One","Blast off!"];var countdown = "";for (var step in tMinus) {countdown += tMinus[step] + "n";}console.log(countdown);// => "Two// One// Blast Off!// " |
然而,以这样的方式遍历数组存在三个问题。首先,for…in循环会遍历数组对象的原型链中所有的可枚举属性:
| 1234567891011121314151617181920 | Array.PRototype.voice = "James Earl Jones";var tMinus = ["Two","One","Blast off!"];var countdown = "";for (var step in tMinus) {countdown += tMinus[step] + "n";}console.log(countdown);// => "Two// One// Blast Off!// James Earl Jones// " |
不过,我们可以借助hasOwnProperty函数来避免这一问题:
| 123456789101112131415161718192021 | Array.prototype.voice = "James Earl Jones";var tMinus = ["Two","One","Blast off!"];var countdown = "";for (var step in tMinus) {if (tMinus.hasOwnProperty(step)) {countdown += tMinus[step] + "n";}}console.log(countdown);// => "Two// One// Blast Off!// " |
此外,在ECMAScript5.1规范中提到,for…in循环可能以任意顺序来遍历对象的属性。
对于无序的普通对象来说,属性的访问顺序无关紧要。但有时候你可能不想Javascript engine以随机顺序处理你的数组元素,因为它会导致不可预知的结果:
| 12345 | console.log(countdown);// => "Blast Off!// One// Two// " |
最后,for…in循环除了访问数组元素以外,还会访问其它的可遍历属性。正如我们在之前的文章所提到的,我们可以向数组变量添加额外的属性。而这样的操作同样会导致不可预知的后果:
| 12345678910111213141516171819202122 |
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