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基于webpack4.X从零搭建React脚手架的方法步骤

2024-05-06 16:47:11
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项目初始化

$ npm init

安装webpack

本次创建是基于webpack4

$ npm install --save-dev

新建webpack配置文件

在根目录创建build文件夹,添加一个js文件,命名为webpack.base.conf.js

// webpack.base.conf.js 文件const path = require('path');const DIST_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist');module.exports = {    entry: {      app: './app/index.js'    },    output: {      filename: "js/bundle.js",      path: DIST_PATH    }};

使用merge的方式来组织webpack基础配置和不同环境的配置

先安装webpack-merge:

$ npm install --save-dev webpack-merge

在build文件夹中再添加一个js文件,命名为 webpack.prod.conf.js

// webpack.prod.conf.js 文件const merge = require('webpack-merge');const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf');module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {  mode: 'production'});

在根目录下创建app目录,然后创建index.js文件

var element =document.getElementById('root');element.innerHTML = 'hello, world!';

在根目录创建一个public文件夹,然后新建一个index.html文件

// index.html<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"> <head>   <meta charset="UTF-8">   <title>从零开始搭建react工程</title> </head> <body>    <div id="root"></div>    <script src="../dist/js/bundle.js"></script> </body></html>

当前项目目录树

|- /app  |- index.js |- /node_modules |- /public  |- index.html |- /build  |- webpack.base.conf.js  |- webpack.prod.conf.js |- package.json |- package-lock.json

安装webpack-cli

webpack 4.0 版本之后的webpack,已经将webpack命令工具迁移到webpack-cli模块了,需要安装 webpack-cli

$ npm install --save-dev webpack-cli

package.json文件 scripts属性配置一个build命令

其值为:webpack --config build/webpack.prod.conf.js,以下是scripts的相关代码

// package.json"scripts": {  "build": "webpack --config build/webpack.prod.conf.js",  "test": "echo /"Error: no test specified/" && exit 1"},

安装React

$ npm install --save react react-dom

修改app目录下的index.js的代码

import React from "react";import ReactDom from "react-dom";ReactDom.render(  <h1>hello, world!</h1>,  document.getElementById("root"));

注意 import 属于ES6规范,因此需要转译ES2015+的语法,安装并配置 babel 以及相关依赖

$ npm install --save-dev babel-loader babel-core babel-preset-env babel-preset-react

根目录创建.babelrc文件,配置presets.

{ "presets": [  [   "env",   {    "targets": {     "browsers": [      "> 1%",      "last 5 versions",      "ie >= 8"     ]    }   }  ],  "react" ]}

修改webpack.base.conf.js文件

// webpack.base.conf.jsconst path = require('path');const APP_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '../app');const DIST_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '../dist');module.exports = {  entry: {    app: './app/index.js'  },    output: {    filename: 'js/bundle.js',    path: DIST_PATH  },  module: {    rules: [      {        test: //.js?$/,        use: "babel-loader",        include: APP_PATH      }    ]  }};

运行 npm run build

添加插件

public下的index.html本该自动添加到dist目录,并且引用资源自动加载到该文件,通过html-webpack-plugin实现这一步

$ npm install html-webpack-plugin --save-dev

webpack.prod.conf.js中配置plugins属性

const merge = require('webpack-merge');const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf.js');const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {  mode: 'production',  plugins: [    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({      template: 'public/index.html',      inject: 'body',      minify: {        removeComments: true,        collapseWhitespace: true,        removeAttributeQuotes: true      },    })  ]});

删除 index.html 中手动引入的 script 标签

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>  <meta charset="UTF-8">  <title>从零开始搭建react工程</title></head><body>  <div id="root"></div></body></html>

重新编译查看 npm run build 浏览器打开查看目录 dist 下的 index.html

以上步骤都成功的前提下继续走下一步

生成的文件名添加Hash值,目的是解决缓存问题

修改webpack.prod.conf.js,mode: 'production', 增加以下代码

// webpack.prod.conf.jsoutput: {  filename: "js/[name].[chunkhash:16].js",},

生成前需要清理之前项目生成的文件,因为由于文件名的改变如果不删除会一直增加

安装插件 clean-webpack-plugin

$ npm install --save-dev clean-webpack-plugin

修改 webpack.prod.conf.js

// webpack.prod.conf.jsconst merge = require('webpack-merge');const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf.js');const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');const CleanWebpackPlugin = require('clean-webpack-plugin');module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {  mode: 'production',  output: {    filename: "js/[name].[chunkhash:16].js",  },  plugins: [    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({      template: 'public/index.html',      inject: 'body',      minify: {        removeComments: true,        collapseWhitespace: true,        removeAttributeQuotes: true      },    }),    new CleanWebpackPlugin(['../dist'], { allowExternal: true })  ]});

公共代码与业务代码分离

修改 webpack.base.conf.js 的 entry 入口属性,抽出框架代码

entry: {   app: './app/index.js',   framework: ['react','react-dom'],},

修改webpack.prod.conf.js,增加以下代码,目的是分离框架代码和业务代码

虽然上面步骤抽出框架代码生成两个文件,但是app.js还是包含框架代码

optimization: {    splitChunks: {      chunks: "all",      minChunks: 1,      minSize: 0,      cacheGroups: {        framework: {          test: "framework",          name: "framework",          enforce: true        }      }    }  }

cacheGroups对象,定义了需要被抽离的模块

其中test属性是比较关键的一个值,他可以是一个字符串,也可以是正则表达式,还可以是函数。如果定义的是字符串,会匹配入口模块名称,会从其他模块中把包含这个模块的抽离出来

name是抽离后生成的名字,和入口文件模块名称相同,这样抽离出来的新生成的framework模块会覆盖被抽离的framework模块

整合 webpack-dev-server

开发环境开启服务监听文件改动实时更新最新内容

$ npm install --save-dev webpack-dev-server

在build中添加webpack.dev.conf.js文件

const path = require('path');const merge = require('webpack-merge');const baseWebpackConfig = require('./webpack.base.conf.js');const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');const webpack = require('webpack');module.exports = merge(baseWebpackConfig, {  mode: 'development',  output: {    filename: "js/[name].[hash:16].js",  },  plugins: [    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({      template: 'public/index.html',      inject: 'body',      minify: {        html5: true      },      hash: false    }),    new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()  ],  devServer: {    port: '8080',    contentBase: path.join(__dirname, '../public'),    compress: true,    historyApiFallback: true,    hot: true,    https: false,    noInfo: true,    open: true,    proxy: {}  }});

在package.json scripts属性添加内容

"dev": "webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config build/webpack.dev.conf.js",

npm run dev

自动打开浏览器打开入口页面实时更新

独立导出 css 文件

安装css相关依赖

sass less 预处理

$ npm install extract-text-webpack-plugin$ npm install style-loader css-loader postcss-loader autoprefixer --save-dev$ npm install less sass less-loader sass-loader stylus-loader node-sass --save-dev

webpack.base.conf.js 文件修改

// webpack.base.conf.js{  test: //.css$/,  use: [    {     loader: "style-loader" //在html中插入<style>标签     },     {       loader: "css-loader",//获取引用资源,如@import,url()     },     {       loader: "postcss-loader",       options: {          plugins:[            require('autoprefixer')({              browsers:['last 5 version']            })         ]       }    }   ]},{  test://.less$/,  use: [     { loader: "style-loader" },     { loader: "css-loader" },     {      loader: "postcss-loader",//自动加前缀      options: {          plugins:[             require('autoprefixer')({               browsers:['last 5 version']             })         ]      }     },     { loader: "less-loader" }   ]},{   test://.scss$/,   use:[       { loader: "style-loader" },       {           loader: "css-loader",       },       { loader: "sass-loader" },       {        loader: "postcss-loader",       options: {          plugins:[             require('autoprefixer')({              browsers:['last 5 version']             })          ]       }     }   ]},

图片和路径处理

$ npm i file-loader url-loader --save-dev

webpack.base.conf.js 文件修改

// webpack.base.conf.js{  test: //.(png|jpg|gif|woff|svg|eot|woff2|tff)$/,  use: 'url-loader?limit=8129',   //注意后面那个limit的参数,当你图片大小小于这个限制的时候,会自动启用base64编码图片  exclude: /node_modules/}

build 时报错

Error: Chunk.entrypoints: Use Chunks.groupsIterable and filter by instanceof Entrypoint instead
    at Chunk.get (F:/react/createApp/node_modules/webpack/lib/Chunk.js:824:9)

webpack4.0中使用“extract-text-webpack-plugin”报错

解决办法

$ npm install extract-text-webpack-plugin@next

背景图片路径问题

由于css文件分离出来的原因,会导致在css文件夹下找images文件夹下的图片

解决办法 publicPath属性改为 '/',以绝对路径的方式寻找资源

{  test://.(png|jpg|gif)$/,  use:[{    loader:'url-loader',    options: {       // outputPath:'../',//输出**文件夹       publicPath: '/',       name: "images/[name].[ext]",       limit:500 //是把小于500B的文件打成Base64的格式,写入JS     }   }]},

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