shell 命令行中操作HBase数据库
Shell控制
进入到shell命令行界面,执行hbase命令,并附加shell关键字:
[grid@hdnode3 ~]$ hbase shell HBase Shell; enter ¨help¨ for list of supported commands. Type "exit" to leave the HBase Shell Version 0.90.5, r1212209, Fri Dec 9 05:40:36 UTC 2011 hbase(main):001:0>
虽然成功登录进去了,可是我们也不知道现在能做什么,也不了解SHELL下都有哪些命令。这个时候,我们可以选择,去看官方文档中的说明,或者,敲个help上去看看。
hbase(main):002:0> help .................. .................. COMMAND GROUPS: Group name: general Commands: status, version Group name: ddl Commands: alter, create, describe, disable, drop, enable, exists, is_disabled, is_enabled, list Group name: dml Commands: count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, incr, put, scan, truncate Group name: tools Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, close_region, compact, flush, major_compact, move, split, unassign, zk_dump Group name: replication Commands: add_peer, disable_peer, enable_peer, remove_peer, start_replication, stop_replication .................. ..................
帮助信息果然有帮助,通过输出的信息,我们大致了解能够做什么。可以看到hbase中也是分有ddl/dml这类语句,此外还有与复制相关的,与管理相关的命令等等。
先来试试通用(general)命令,查询状态:
hbase(main):003:0> status 5 servers, 0 dead, 0.4000 average load
查询版本:
hbase(main):004:0> version 0.90.5, r1212209, Fri Dec 9 05:40:36 UTC 2011
接下来重点项,DDL和DML(想不到HBase也分了DML/DDL语句)。HBase中没有库的概念,做为BigTable的山寨产品,尽管没名山寨到名字,但山寨到了精髓,从设计上来说,它也不需要分库,甚至不需要分表,所有数据放到同一张表中也是可以的,这就是真正的BigTable嘛。
创建表对象:
hbase(main):005:0> create ¨t¨,¨t_id¨,¨t_vl¨ 0 row(s) in 2.3490 seconds
HBase中创建对象的语法比较灵活,前面这个示例是简写法,其功能等效于完整写法,"hbase> create ¨t¨, {NAME => ¨t_id¨}, {NAME => ¨t_vl¨}",第一个参数用于指定表名,后面跟的所有参数都是列族的名称。每个表的列族需要在表创建时定义好(尽管后期也可以修改,但最好一开始就定义好),从这个角度来看,HBase中的对象是结构化的。
查看表对象:
hbase(main):006:0> list TABLE t 1 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds hbase(main):018:0> describe ¨t¨ DESCRIPTION ENABLED {NAME => ¨t¨, FAMILIES => [{NAME => ¨t_id¨, BLOOMFILTER => ¨NONE¨, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ¨0¨, COMPRESSION => true ¨NONE¨, VERSIONS => ¨3¨, TTL => ¨2147483647¨, BLOCKSIZE => ¨65536¨, IN_MEMORY => ¨false¨, BLOCKCACHE => ¨t rue¨}, {NAME => ¨t_vl¨, BLOOMFILTER => ¨NONE¨, REPLICATION_SCOPE => ¨0¨, COMPRESSION => ¨NONE¨, VERSIONS => ¨3¨, TTL => ¨2147483647¨, BLOCKSIZE => ¨65536¨, IN_MEMORY => ¨false¨, BLOCKCACHE => ¨true¨}]} 1 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds
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