详解Nginx 反向代理、负载均衡、页面缓存、URL重写及读写分离详

注，操作系统为 CentOS 6.4 x86_64 , Nginx 是版本是最新版的1.4.2，所以实验用到的软件请点击这里下载：

CentOS 6.4下载地址：http://www.jb51.net/softs/78243.html

Nginx下载地址：http://www.jb51.net/softs/35633.html

一、前言

在前面的几篇博文中我们主要讲解了Nginx作为Web服务器知识点，主要的知识点有nginx的理论详解、nginx作为web服务器的操作讲解、nginx作为LNMP架构的讲解，不清楚的博友可以回头看看，在这一篇博客中我们主要讲解， nginx的反向代理、负载均衡、缓存、URL重写以及读写分离详解。好了，下面我们来具体说一说。

二、环境准备

1. 操作系统

CentOS 6.4 x86_64

2.软件版本

Nginx 1.4.2

3.实验拓扑

注，实验拓扑见下文。

4.安装yum源

[root@nginx ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm[root@web1 ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm[root@web2 ~]# rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

5.各节点时间同步

[root@nginx ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101[root@web1 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101[root@web2 ~]# ntpdate 202.120.2.101

6.关闭防火墙与SELinux

[root@nginx ~]# service iptables stop [root@nginx ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@nginx ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@web1 ~]# service iptables stop [root@web1 ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@web1 ~]# getenforce Disabled[root@web2 ~]# service iptables stop [root@web2 ~]# chkconfig iptables off [root@web2 ~]# getenforce Disabled

三、安装Nginx

1.解压

[root@nginx src]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz

2.新建nginx用户与组

[root@nginx src]# groupadd -g 108 -r nginx [root@nginx src]# useradd -u 108 -r -g 108 nginx [root@nginx src]# id nginx uid=108(nginx) gid=108(nginx) 组=108(nginx)

3.准备编译配置文件

[root@nginx src]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr  --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx  --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf  --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log  --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log  --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock  --user=nginx  --group=nginx  --with-http_ssl_module  --with-http_flv_module  --with-http_stub_status_module  --with-http_gzip_static_module  --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/  --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/  --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi  --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi  --with-pcre

4.编译并安装

[root@nginx nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install

5.为nginx提供SysV init脚本

[root@nginx ~]# cat /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon # # chkconfig:  - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse / #        proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config:   /etc/nginx/nginx.conf # config:   /etc/sysconfig/nginx # pidfile:   /var/run/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx make_dirs() {   # make required directories   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=/([^ ]*/).*//1/g' -`   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`   for opt in $options; do     if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then       value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`       if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then         # echo "creating" $value         mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value       fi     fi   done } start() {   [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5   [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6   make_dirs   echo -n $"Starting $prog: "   daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE   retval=$?   echo   [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile   return $retval } stop() {   echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "   killproc $prog -QUIT   retval=$?   echo   [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile   return $retval } restart() {   configtest || return $?   stop   sleep 1   start } reload() {   configtest || return $?   echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "   killproc $nginx -HUP   RETVAL=$?   echo } force_reload() {   restart } configtest() {  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() {   status $prog } rh_status_q() {   rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in   start)     rh_status_q && exit 0     $1     ;;   stop)     rh_status_q || exit 0     $1     ;;   restart|configtest)     $1     ;;   reload)     rh_status_q || exit 7     $1     ;;   force-reload)     force_reload     ;;   status)     rh_status     ;;   condrestart|try-restart)     rh_status_q || exit 0       ;;   *)     echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"     exit 2 esac