首页 > 学院 > 开发设计 > 正文

用链表实现线性表

2019-11-06 06:39:35
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友

用链表实现线性表

正如上一篇看到,使用数组实现ADT线性表既有优点也有优点。数组的长度可以是固定的,也可以动态扩展数组,但每次动态扩展数组时,都需要移动数据。不管是定长的数组还是可扩展的动态数组,在需要为新元素腾出空间或者弥合删除后留下的间隙时,都要求移动数据。而基于链表实现的线性表可以避免移动数据,并且在插入和删除操作上需要更少的开销,反而查找速率降低了。通过这篇文章,你可以知道LinkedList的基本工作方式。下图就是最简单的单向链表。

链表接口

public interface ListInterface<T> {		public boolean add(T newEntry);		public boolean add(int newPosition,T newEntry);		public T remove(int givenPosition);		public void clear();		public boolean replace(int givenPosition,T newEntry);		public T getEntry(int givenPosition);		public boolean contains(T anEntry);		public int getLength();		public boolean isEmpty();		public boolean isFull();		public void display();}

链表实现类

链表是由一个个结点(Node)组成的,而结点应该是实现类所私有的,应该定义成内部类。单向链表的结点有两个数据域,一个引用线性表中的元素,一个引用另一个结点。
public class Linked_list<T> implements ListInterface<T>{	PRivate Node firstNode;	private int length;		public Linked_list() {		firstNode=null;		length=0;	}		private Node getNodeAt(int givenPosition){		assert !isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length;		Node currentNote=firstNode;		for(int i=1;i<givenPosition;i++){			currentNote=currentNote.next;		}		assert currentNote!=null;		return currentNote;	}		@Override	public boolean add(T newEntry) {		Node newNode=new Node(newEntry);		if(isEmpty())			firstNode=newNode;		else{			Node lastNode=getNodeAt(length);			lastNode.next=newNode;		}		length++;		return true;	}	@Override	public boolean add(int newPosition, T newEntry) {		boolean isSuccessful=true;		if(newPosition>=1 && newPosition<=length+1){			Node newNode=new Node(newEntry);			if(isEmpty() || newPosition==1){				newNode.next=firstNode;				firstNode=newNode;			}else{				Node beforeNode=getNodeAt(newPosition-1);				Node afterNode=beforeNode.next;				beforeNode.next=newNode;				newNode.next=afterNode;			}			length++;		}else			isSuccessful=false;		return isSuccessful;	}	@Override	public T remove(int givenPosition) {		T result=null;		if(!isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length){			if(givenPosition==1){				result=firstNode.element;				firstNode=firstNode.next;			}else{				Node beforeNode=getNodeAt(givenPosition-1);				Node ToremoveNode=beforeNode.next;				Node afterNode=ToremoveNode.next;				result=ToremoveNode.element;				beforeNode.next=afterNode;			}			length--;		}		return result;	}	@Override	public final void clear() {		firstNode=null;		length=0;	}	@Override	public boolean replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) {		boolean isSuccessful=true;		if(!isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length){			Node desiredNode=getNodeAt(givenPosition);			desiredNode.element=newEntry;		}else			isSuccessful=false;		return isSuccessful;	}	@Override	public T getEntry(int givenPosition) {		T result=null;		if(!isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length){			Node desiredNode=getNodeAt(givenPosition);			result=desiredNode.element;		}		return result;	}	@Override	public boolean contains(T anEntry) {		boolean isSuccessful=false;		Node currentNode=firstNode;		while (currentNode!=null) {			if(currentNode.element.equals(anEntry)){				isSuccessful=true;				break;			}			currentNode=currentNode.next;		}		return isSuccessful;	}	@Override	public int getLength() {		return length;	}	@Override	public boolean isEmpty() {		return length==0;	}	@Override	public boolean isFull() {		return false;	}	@Override	public void display() {		Node currentNode=firstNode;		while (currentNode!=null) {			System.out.print(currentNode.element+" ");			currentNode=currentNode.next;		}		System.out.println();	}		private class Node {		private T element;		private Node next;		private Node(T element) {			this(element,null);		}				private Node(T element,Node next){			this.element=element;			this.next=next;		}	}}

测试代码

public class main_Link {	private static Linked_list<Integer> list;	public static void main(String[] args) {		list=new Linked_list<Integer>();		for(int i=1;i<=20;i++)			list.add(i);		list.add(11, 24);		list.display();		list.remove(13);		list.display();		list.replace(19, 56);		list.display();		System.out.println(list.getEntry(19));		if(list.contains(56))			System.out.println("包含了");		System.out.println("链表长度:"+list.getLength());			}}1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 24 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 24 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 24 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 56 20 56包含了链表长度:20......................................................................................................华丽分割线........................................................................................................因为Node是内部类,则Linked_list类可以按名称直接访问Node的私有数据域。然而一些计算机科学家认为,应该使用getter和setter方法访问类的数据域。并且可以实现迭代器来历遍链表的数据,从而代替上述display()函数。

链表接口扩展

public interface ListWithIteratorInterface<T> extends ListInterface<T>{	public Iterator<T> getIterator();}

链表实现类

public class LinkedListWithIterator<T> implements ListWithIteratorInterface<T>{		private Node firstNode;	private int length;		public LinkedListWithIterator() {		firstNode=null;		length=0;	}	private Node getNodeAt(int givenPosition){		assert !isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length;		Node currentNote=firstNode;		for(int i=1;i<givenPosition;i++){			currentNote=currentNote.getNextNode();		}		assert currentNote!=null;		return currentNote;	}		@Override	public boolean add(T newEntry) {		Node newNode=new Node(newEntry);		if(isEmpty())			firstNode=newNode;		else{			Node lastNode=getNodeAt(length);			lastNode.setNextNode(newNode);;		}		length++;		return true;	}	@Override	public boolean add(int newPosition, T newEntry){		boolean isSuccessful=true;		if(newPosition>=1 && newPosition<=length+1){			Node newNode=new Node(newEntry);			if(isEmpty() || newPosition==1){				newNode.setNextNode(firstNode);;				firstNode=newNode;			}else{				Node beforeNode=getNodeAt(newPosition-1);				Node afterNode=beforeNode.getNextNode();				beforeNode.setNextNode(newNode);				newNode.setNextNode(afterNode);			}			length++;		}else			isSuccessful=false;		return isSuccessful;	}	@Override	public T remove(int givenPosition) {		T result=null;		if(!isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length){			if(givenPosition==1){				result=firstNode.getData();				firstNode=firstNode.getNextNode();			}else{				Node beforeNode=getNodeAt(givenPosition-1);				Node ToremoveNode=beforeNode.getNextNode();				Node afterNode=ToremoveNode.getNextNode();				result=ToremoveNode.getData();				beforeNode.setNextNode(afterNode);;			}			length--;		}		return result;	}	@Override	public void clear() {		firstNode=null;		length=0;	}	@Override	public boolean replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) {		boolean isSuccessful=true;		if(!isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length){			Node desiredNode=getNodeAt(givenPosition);			desiredNode.setData(newEntry);;		}else			isSuccessful=false;		return isSuccessful;	}	@Override	public T getEntry(int givenPosition) {		T result=null;		if(!isEmpty() && givenPosition>=1 && givenPosition<=length){			Node desiredNode=getNodeAt(givenPosition);			result=desiredNode.getData();		}		return result;	}	@Override	public boolean contains(T anEntry) {		boolean isSuccessful=false;		Node currentNode=firstNode;		while (currentNode!=null) {			if(currentNode.element.equals(anEntry)){				isSuccessful=true;				break;			}			currentNode=currentNode.getNextNode();		}		return isSuccessful;	}	@Override	public int getLength() {		return length;	}	@Override	public boolean isEmpty() {		return length==0;	}	@Override	public boolean isFull() {		return false;	}	@Override	public void display() {		Iterator iterator=getIterator();		while(iterator.hasNext()){			System.out.print(iterator.next()+" ");		}		System.out.println();	}	@Override	public Iterator<T> getIterator() {		return new IteratorForLinkedList();	}			/**	 * 内部类迭代器	 * @author Administrator	 *	 */	private class IteratorForLinkedList implements Iterator<T>{		private Node nextNode;				private  IteratorForLinkedList() {			this.nextNode=firstNode;		}		@Override		public boolean hasNext() {			return nextNode!=null;		}		@Override		public T next() {			if(hasNext()){				Node returnNode=nextNode;				nextNode=nextNode.getNextNode();				return returnNode.element;			}else				throw new NoSuchElementException("Illegal call to next();"+"iteration is after end of list.");		}		public void remove(){//不允许在历遍过程中删除			throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove() is not suported.");		}			}	private class Node {		private T element;		private Node next;		private Node(T element) {			this(element,null);		}				private Node(T element,Node next){			this.element=element;			this.next=next;		}				private T getData(){			return element;		}				private void setData(T newData){			element=newData;		}				private Node getNextNode(){			return next;		}				private void setNextNode(Node nextNode){			next=nextNode;		}	}}
发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表