Windows编程

2019-11-06 08:14:47

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记录实验中学习的使用Win32 API写程序的一些基础知识和参考资料。参考http://winPRog.org/tutorial/zh/start_cn.html

首先什么是API？

API(application Programming Interface,应用程序编程接口)是一套用来控制Windows的各个部件(从桌面的外观到位一个新进程分配的内存)的外观和行为的一套预先定义Windows函数.用户的每个动作都会引发一个或几个函数的运行以Windows告诉发生了什么，它们包含在一个附加名为DLL的动态连接库文件中。用标准的定义来讲，API就是Windows的32位应用程序编程接口，是一系列很复杂的函数，消息和结构，它使编程人员可以用不同类型的编程语言编制出的运行在Windows95 和Windows NT操作系统上的应用程序。

一、一个简单的Windows程序

#include <windows.h>

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){ MessageBox(NULL, "Goodbye, cruel world!", "Note", MB_OK); return 0;}

运行结果

使用c语言编写，文件拓展名为.c。WinMain()是Windows中相当于DOS或UNIX的main()．这是程序开始执行的入口。

MessageBox的函数原型及参数：

function MessageBox(hWnd: HWND; Text, Caption: PChar; Type: Word): Integer;　hWnd：对话框父窗口句柄，对话框显示在Delphi窗体内，可使用窗体的Handle属性，否则可用0，使其直接作为桌面窗口的子窗口。　Text：欲显示的信息字符串。　Caption：对话框标题字符串。　Type：对话框类型常量。　该函数的返回值为整数，用于对话框按钮的识别。（详见https://www.douban.com/note/40199603/）

二、一个简单的窗口

#include <windows.h>

const char g_szClassName[] = "myWindowClass";

// Step 4: the Window ProcedureLRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ switch(msg) { case WM_CLOSE: DestroyWindow(hwnd); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } return 0;}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){ WNDCLASSEX wc; HWND hwnd; MSG Msg;

//Step 1: Registering the Window Class wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = 0; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = g_szClassName; wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; }

// Step 2: Creating the Window hwnd = CreateWindowEx( WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, g_szClassName, "The title of my window", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 240, 120, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

if(hwnd == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; }

ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd);

// Step 3: The Message Loop是程序的重点 while(GetMessage(&Msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { TranslateMessage(&Msg); DispatchMessage(&Msg); } return Msg.wParam;}

运行结果

step1中注册一个窗体类，这里的类是和c++中的类是完全不同的概念；

step4是窗口过程，所有的消息都会在这里被处理。

三、处理消息window_click

使用戶点击我们的窗口时候能夠显示出我们程序的名称的功能．就是基本的一个消息的处理。

#include <windows.h>

const char g_szClassName[] = "myWindowClass";

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ switch(msg) { case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { char szFileName[MAX_PATH]; HINSTANCE hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);

GetModuleFileName(hInstance, szFileName, MAX_PATH); MessageBox(hwnd, szFileName, "This program is:", MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); } break; case WM_CLOSE: DestroyWindow(hwnd); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } return 0;}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){ WNDCLASSEX wc; HWND hwnd; MSG Msg;

wc.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wc.style = 0; wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wc.cbClsExtra = 0; wc.cbWndExtra = 0; wc.hInstance = hInstance; wc.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION); wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wc.lpszMenuName = NULL; wc.lpszClassName = g_szClassName; wc.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; }

hwnd = CreateWindowEx( WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, g_szClassName, "The title of my window", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 240, 120, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

if(hwnd == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; }

ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd);

while(GetMessage(&Msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { TranslateMessage(&Msg); DispatchMessage(&Msg); } return Msg.wParam;}

运行结果

在实验二消息处理框架里加了代码。

四、添加一个按钮点击功能

#include <windows.h>

const char g_szClassName[] = "myWindowClass";

// Step 4: the Window ProcedureLRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){ switch(msg) { case WM_CLOSE: DestroyWindow(hwnd); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: { MessageBox(hwnd, TEXT("你点击了一下！"), TEXT("通知"), MB_OK | MB_ICONINFORMATION); } break;

default: return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam); } return 0;}

int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow){ WNDCLASSEX wc; HWND hwnd; MSG Msg;

if(!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Registration Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; }

if(hwnd == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, "Window Creation Failed!", "Error!", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK); return 0; }

ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hwnd);

// Step 3: The Message Loop while(GetMessage(&Msg, NULL, 0, 0) > 0) { TranslateMessage(&Msg); DispatchMessage(&Msg); } return Msg.wParam;}