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5、spring自动装配之@Qualifier注解的使用

2019-11-08 02:53:32
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在上一篇4、sPRing使用@Autowired注解实现自动装配 教程中,我们知道了怎么使用@Autowired注解进行自动装配。但是当存在两个类型一致的person bean时,将会有什么情况出现。我们一起来看看下面的例子:


例子

说明:如果已经看了上一篇教程,可以直接跳到第二步

第一步:创建bean

Customer类

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;public class Customer { //即将自动装配的属性 private Person person; private String type; @Autowired public Customer(Person person) { this.person = person; } //getter and setter methods //toString methods}

Person类

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;public class Person { private String name; private int age; //getter and setter methods //toString methods}

第二步:修改beans.xml配置文件

说明:这里存在了两个person bean,一个是person1,一个是person2

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/> <bean id="customer" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Customer" > <property name="type" value="user"></property> </bean> <bean id="person1" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person"> <property name="name" value="jack" /> <property name="age" value="18"/> </bean> <bean id="person2" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person"> <property name="name" value="tom" /> <property name="age" value="28"/> </bean></beans>

第三步:编写测试代码

@Test public void test(){ applicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("com/main/autowrite/autowired/annotation/beans.xml"); Customer customer = (Customer)context.getBean("customer"); System.out.print(customer.toString()); }

测试结果如下:(抛出异常)

这里写图片描述

这是因为Customer在进行自动装配时,不清楚要装载person1,还是要装载person2,这时我们就应该使用@Qualifier注解来告诉它,我们想要的是哪一个!!


为解决上述问题,这里引入@Qualifier注解

@Qualifier示例

修改你的Customer类如下:

package com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;public class Customer { //即将自动装配的属性 @Autowired @Qualifier("person2") private Person person; private String type; //getter and setter methods //toString methods}

修改你的beans.xml配置文件如下: 此时应该将引入spring上下文以及context:annotation-config标签

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <bean id="customer" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Customer" > <property name="type" value="user"></property> </bean> <bean id="person1" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person"> <property name="name" value="jack" /> <property name="age" value="18"/> </bean> <bean id="person2" class="com.main.autowrite.autowired.annotation.Person"> <property name="name" value="tom" /> <property name="age" value="28"/> </bean></beans>

此时Customer bean将会自动装配person2 bean

运行结果如下:

这里写图片描述


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