angular2中Http请求原理与用法详解

2019-11-19 14:32:34

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本文实例讲述了angular2中Http请求原理与用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

提供HTTP服务

HttpModule并不是Angular的核心模块。它是Angular用来进行Web访问的一种可选方式，并位于一个名叫@angular/http的独立附属模块中.

编辑app.module.ts

import { HttpModule, JsonpModule } from '@angular/http';@NgModule({ imports: [  HttpModule,  JsonpModule ],})

angular-in-memory-web-api

npm install angular-in-memory-web-api --save-dev

This in-memory web api service processes an HTTP request and returns an Observable of HTTP Response object in the manner of a RESTy web api.

:base/:collectionName/:id?GET api/heroes     // all heroesGET api/heroes/42    // the character with id=42GET api/heroes?name=^j // 'j' is a regex; returns heroes whose name starting with 'j' or 'J'GET api/heroes.json/42 // ignores the ".json"

之前测试时用的app/mock/user_data_memory_mock.ts数据

import {User} from '../model/User';import { InMemoryDbService } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';export class UserDataMemoryMock implements InMemoryDbService{ createDb() {  const users: User[] = [    new User('chenjianhua_a', 21, '2290910211@qq.com', '123456'),    new User('chenjianhua_b', 22, '2290910211@qq.com', '123456'),    new User('chenjianhua_c', 23, '2290910211@qq.com', '123456'),    new User('chenjianhua_d', 24, '2290910211@qq.com', '123456'),    new User('chenjianhua_e', 25, '2290910211@qq.com', '123456'),    new User('chenjianhua_f', 26, '2290910211@qq.com', '123456'),    ];  return {users}; }}

编辑app.module.ts

import { InMemoryWebApiModule } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';import { UserDataMemoryMock } from './mock/user_data_memory_mock';@NgModule({ imports: [  InMemoryWebApiModule.forRoot(UserDataMemoryMock), ]})

导入InMemoryWebApiModule并将其加入到模块的imports数组。 InMemoryWebApiModule将Http客户端模拟的后端服务
forRoot()配置方法需要UserMemoryMockService类实例，用来向内存数据库填充数据

编辑app/service/user.restful.service.ts

import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';import { Headers, Http } from '@angular/http';import 'rxjs/add/operator/toPromise';import { User } from '../model/User';import { Logger } from './logger.service';@Injectable()export class UserService {  private USERURL = 'api/users';  private headers = new Headers({'Content-Type': 'application/json'});  constructor(private Log: Logger,  private http: Http) { }  getUserByName(name: string): Promise<User> {  const url = `${this.USERURL}/?name=${name}`;  return this.http.get(url)    .toPromise()    .then(response => response.json().data as User)    .catch(this.handleError);  }  getUsers(): Promise<User[]> {    console.log('Get User!');    return this.http.get(this.USERURL)    .toPromise()    .then(response => response.json().data as User[])    .catch(this.handleError);  }  create(name: string): Promise<User> {  return this.http    .post(this.USERURL, JSON.stringify({name: name}), {headers: this.headers})    .toPromise()    .then(res => res.json().data as User)    .catch(this.handleError);  }  private handleError(error: any): Promise<any>{    console.log('An error occurred :', error);    return Promise.reject(error.message);  }}

编辑app/components/app-loginform/app.loginform.ts

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';import { Logger } from '../../service/logger.service';import { UserService } from '../../service/user.restful.service';import { User } from '../../model/User';import { Subject } from 'rxjs/Subject';@Component({ selector: 'app-loginform', templateUrl: './app.loginform.html', styleUrls: ['./app.loginform.css'], providers: [  Logger,  UserService ]})export class AppLoginFormComponent implements OnInit {  users: User[];  submitted = false;  model = new User('1', 'fangfang', 22, '2290910211@qq.com', '123456');  constructor(    private Log: Logger,    private userService: UserService  ){}  ngOnInit(): void{    this.userService    .getUsers()    .then( users => this.users = users);  }  onSubmit(): void {    this.userService.getUserByName(this.model.name)    .then( user => {      console.log('user.name', user[0].name);      console.log('user.password', user[0].password);      if(user[0].name === this.model.name      && user[0].password === this.model.password){        this.Log.log('login success!');        this.submitted = true;      }else{        this.Log.log('login failed!');        this.submitted = false;      }    })    .catch(errorMsg => console.log(errorMsg));  }}

HTTP Promise

Angular 的http.get返回一个 RxJS 的Observable对象。 Observable是一个管理异步数据流的强力方式。

现在，我们先利用toPromise方法把Observable直接转换成Promise对象

更多关于AngularJS相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《AngularJS指令操作技巧总结》、《AngularJS入门与进阶教程》及《AngularJS MVC架构总结》

希望本文所述对大家AngularJS程序设计有所帮助。

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