Laravel 5 框架入门（四）完结篇

2019-11-21 23:06:07

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Page 和评论将使用 Eloquent 提供的“一对多关系”。最终，我们将得到一个个人博客系统的雏形，并布置一个大作业，供大家实战练习。

1. 初识 Eloquent

Laravel Eloquent ORM 是 Laravel 中非常重要的部分，也是 Laravel 能如此流行的原因之一。中文文档在：

1. http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/eloquent

2. http://www.golaravel.com/laravel/docs/5.0/eloquent/

在前面的教程中已经建立好的 learnlaravel5/app/Page.php 就是一个 Eloquent Model 类：

<?php namespace App;use Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model;class Page extends Model { //}

若想进一步了解 Eloquent，推荐阅读系列文章：深入理解 Laravel Eloquent

2. 创建 Comment 模型

首先我们要新建一张表来存储 Comment，命令行运行：

复制代码代码如下:

php artisan make:model Comment

成功以后，修改 migration 文件 learnlaravel5/database/migrations/***_create_comments_table.php 的相应位置为：

Schema::create('comments', function(Blueprint $table){ $table->increments('id'); $table->string('nickname'); $table->string('email')->nullable(); $table->string('website')->nullable(); $table->text('content')->nullable(); $table->integer('page_id'); $table->timestamps();});

之后运行：

复制代码代码如下:

php artisan migrate

去数据库里瞧瞧，comments 表已经躺在那儿啦。

3. 建立“一对多关系”

修改 Page 模型：

<?php namespace App;use Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model;class Page extends Model { public function hasManyComments() {  return $this->hasMany('App/Comment', 'page_id', 'id'); }}

搞定啦~ Eloquent 中模型间关系就是这么简单。

模型间关系中文文档：http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/eloquent#relationships

4. 前台提交功能

修改 Comment 模型：

<?php namespace App;use Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Model;class Comment extends Model { protected $fillable = ['nickname', 'email', 'website', 'content', 'page_id'];}

增加一行路由：

复制代码代码如下:

Route::post('comment/store', 'CommentsController@store');

运行以下命令创建 CommentsController 控制器：

复制代码代码如下:

php artisan make:controller CommentsController

修改 CommentsController：

<?php namespace App/Http/Controllers;use App/Http/Requests;use App/Http/Controllers/Controller;use Illuminate/Http/Request;use Redirect, Input;use App/Comment;class CommentsController extends Controller { public function store() { if (Comment::create(Input::all())) {  return Redirect::back(); } else {  return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('评论发表失败！'); } }}

修改视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/pages/show.blade.php：

@extends('_layouts.default')@section('content') <h4>  <a href="/">⬅️返回首页</a> </h4> <h1 style="text-align: center; margin-top: 50px;">{{ $page->title }}</h1> <hr> <div id="date" style="text-align: right;">  {{ $page->updated_at }} </div> <div id="content" style="padding: 50px;">  <p>   {{ $page->body }}  </p> </div> <div id="comments" style="margin-bottom: 100px;">  @if (count($errors) > 0)   <div class="alert alert-danger">    <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br>    <ul>     @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)      <li>{{ $error }}</li>     @endforeach    </ul>   </div>  @endif  <div id="new">   <form action="{{ URL('comment/store') }}" method="POST">    <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">    <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $page->id }}">    <div class="form-group">     <label>Nickname</label>     <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;" required="required">    </div>    <div class="form-group">     <label>Email address</label>     <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;">    </div>    <div class="form-group">     <label>Home page</label>     <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;">    </div>    <div class="form-group">     <label>Content</label>     <textarea name="content" id="newFormContent" class="form-control" rows="10" required="required"></textarea>    </div>    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-success col-lg-12">Submit</button>   </form>  </div><script>function reply(a) { var nickname = a.parentNode.parentNode.firstChild.nextSibling.getAttribute('data'); var textArea = document.getElementById('newFormContent'); textArea.innerHTML = '@'+nickname+' ';}</script>  <div class="conmments" style="margin-top: 100px;">   @foreach ($page->hasManyComments as $comment)    <div class="one" style="border-top: solid 20px #efefef; padding: 5px 20px;">     <div class="nickname" data="{{ $comment->nickname }}">     @if ($comment->website)      <a href="{{ $comment->website }}">       <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>      </a>     @else      <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>     @endif      <h6>{{ $comment->created_at }}</h6>     </div>     <div class="content">      <p style="padding: 20px;">       {{ $comment->content }}      </p>     </div>     <div class="reply" style="text-align: right; padding: 5px;">      <a href="#new" onclick="reply(this);">回复</a>     </div>    </div>   @endforeach  </div> </div>@endsection

前台评论功能完成。

查看效果：

5. 后台管理功能

修改基础视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/app.blade.php 为：

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Laravel</title> <link href="/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- Fonts --> <link href='http://fonts.useso.com/css?family=Roboto:400,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'></head><body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header">  <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">   <span class="sr-only">Toggle Navigation</span>   <span class="icon-bar"></span>   <span class="icon-bar"></span>   <span class="icon-bar"></span>  </button>  <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Learn Laravel 5</a>  </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">  <ul class="nav navbar-nav">   <li><a href="/admin">后台首页</a></li>  </ul>  <ul class="nav navbar-nav">   <li><a href="/admin/comments">管理评论</a></li>  </ul>  <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">   @if (Auth::guest())   <li><a href="/auth/login">Login</a></li>   <li><a href="/auth/register">Register</a></li>   @else   <li class="dropdown">    <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">{{ Auth::user()->name }} <span class="caret"></span></a>    <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu">    <li><a href="/auth/logout">Logout</a></li>    </ul>   </li>   @endif  </ul>  </div> </div> </nav> @yield('content') <!-- Scripts --> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script></body></html>

修改后台路由组（增加了一行）：

Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'Admin', 'middleware' => 'auth'], function(){ Route::get('/', 'AdminHomeComtroller@index'); Route::resource('pages', 'PagesController'); Route::resource('comments', 'CommentsController');});

创建 Admin/CommentsController ：

复制代码代码如下:

php artisan make:controller Admin/CommentsController

Admin/CommentsController 要有查看所有、查看单个、POST更改、删除四个接口：

<?php namespace App/Http/Controllers/Admin;use App/Http/Requests;use App/Http/Controllers/Controller;use Illuminate/Http/Request;use App/Comment;use Redirect, Input;class CommentsController extends Controller { public function index() { return view('admin.comments.index')->withComments(Comment::all()); } public function edit($id) { return view('admin.comments.edit')->withComment(Comment::find($id)); } public function update(Request $request, $id) { $this->validate($request, [  'nickname' => 'required',  'content' => 'required', ]); if (Comment::where('id', $id)->update(Input::except(['_method', '_token']))) {  return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); } else {  return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('更新失败！'); } } public function destroy($id) { $comment = Comment::find($id); $comment->delete(); return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); }}

接下来创建两个视图：

learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/index.blade.php：

@extends('app')@section('content')<div class="container"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">   <div class="panel panel-default">    <div class="panel-heading">管理评论</div>    <div class="panel-body">    <table class="table table-striped">     <tr class="row">      <th class="col-lg-4">Content</th>      <th class="col-lg-2">User</th>      <th class="col-lg-4">Page</th>      <th class="col-lg-1">编辑</th>      <th class="col-lg-1">删除</th>     </tr>     @foreach ($comments as $comment)      <tr class="row">       <td class="col-lg-6">        {{ $comment->content }}       </td>       <td class="col-lg-2">        @if ($comment->website)         <a href="{{ $comment->website }}">          <h4>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h4>         </a>        @else         <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3>        @endif        {{ $comment->email }}       </td>       <td class="col-lg-4">        <a href="{{ URL('pages/'.$comment->page_id) }}" target="_blank">         {{ App/Page::find($comment->page_id)->title }}        </a>       </td>       <td class="col-lg-1">        <a href="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id.'/edit') }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a>       </td>       <td class="col-lg-1">        <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST" style="display: inline;">         <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="DELETE">         <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">         <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>        </form>       </td>      </tr>     @endforeach    </table>    </div>   </div>  </div> </div></div>@endsection

learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/edit.blade.php：

@extends('app')@section('content')<div class="container"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">   <div class="panel panel-default">    <div class="panel-heading">编辑评论</div>    <div class="panel-body">     @if (count($errors) > 0)      <div class="alert alert-danger">       <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br>       <ul>        @foreach ($errors->all() as $error)         <li>{{ $error }}</li>        @endforeach       </ul>      </div>     @endif     <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST">      <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT">      <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">      <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $comment->page_id }}">      Nickname: <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->nickname }}">      <br>      Email:      <input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->email }}">      <br>      Website:      <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->website }}">      <br>      Content:      <textarea name="content" rows="10" class="form-control" required="required">{{ $comment->content }}</textarea>      <br>      <button class="btn btn-lg btn-info">提交修改</button>     </form>    </div>   </div>  </div> </div></div>@endsection

后台管理功能完成，查看效果：

6. 大作业
依赖于 Page 的评论功能已经全部完成，个人博客系统雏形诞生。在本系列教程的最后，布置一个大作业：构建出 Article 的前后台，并且加上 Article 与 Comment 的一对多关系，加入评论和评论管理功能。在做这个大作业的过程中，你将会反复地回头去看前面的教程，反复地阅读中文文档，会仔细阅读我的代码，等你完成大作业的时候，Laravel 5 就真正入门啦~~

以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望大家能够喜欢。

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