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ThinkPHP、ZF2、Yaf、Laravel框架路由大比拼

2019-11-21 23:08:53
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前言

读过一篇关于Zend Framework2的技术文章《ZF2多级树形路由Route配置实例》,是介绍路由配置的。我觉得很有意思,这是的需求:

/user对应用户列表页面
/user/:user_id对应用户的个人主页,比如 /user/AlloVince 就对应AlloVince用户的个人主页
/user/:user_id/blog/对应用户的博客列表页面,比如 /user/AlloVince/blog 就会列出AlloVince写过的Blog
/user/:user_id/blog/:blog_id对应用户的一篇博客文章
方案引用自原文:

'router' => array(  'routes' => array(    'user' => array(      'type' => 'Segment',      'options' => array(        'route' => '/user[/]',        'defaults' => array(          'controller' => 'UserController',          'action' => 'index',        ),      ),      'may_terminate' => true,      'child_routes' => array(        'profile' => array(          'type' => 'Segment',          'options' => array(            'route' => '[:id][/]',            'constraints' => array(              'id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+'            ),            'defaults' => array(              'action' => 'get'            ),          ),          'may_terminate' => true,          'child_routes' => array(            'blog' => array(              'type' => 'Segment',              'options' => array(                'route' => 'blog[/]',                'constraints' => array(                ),                'defaults' => array(                  'action' => 'blog'                )              ),              'may_terminate' => true,              'child_routes' => array(                'post' => array(                  'type' => 'Segment',                  'options' => array(                    'route' => '[:post_id][/]',                    'constraints' => array(                      'post_id' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+'                    ),                    'defaults' => array(                      'action' => 'post'                    )                  ),                  'may_terminate' => true,                ),              ),            ),          ), //profile child_routes end        ), //profile end      ), //user child_routes end    ), //user end  ),),

看了这篇文章后,我打算使用我用过的PHP框架来实现这个路由需求。

ThinkPHP

新建一个ThinkPHP项目:

复制代码 代码如下:

composer create-project topthink/thinkphp tp --prefer-dist

命令行显示我安装的是3.2.2

Installing topthink/thinkphp (3.2.2)
我看ThinkPHP官网最新稳定版本是3.2.3。

我特意去packagist官网查了一下,库中稳定版确实是3.2.2。

我得使用3.2.3。为什么我特别纠结这一点哩?因为:

3.2的路由功能是针对模块设置的,所以URL中的模块名不能被路由,路由定义也通常是放在模块配置文件中。 3.2.3版本开始增加全局路由定义支持,可以在项目的公共配置文件中定义路由。
也就是说,路由重写的部分是Controller和Action部分,Moudle还是存在。

我希望的是/user,而不是home/user。(ThinkPHP中默认Module是Home,'DEFAULT_MODULE' => 'Home',可以修改)

当然,这个问题也可以修改.htaccess文件的解决。但是,我还是决定安装3.2.3。

在ThinkPHP官网下载最新的包,解压。

使用浏览器访问一下项目的入口文件,让ThinkPHP自动生成了一个默认的应用模块Home。

修改公共配置文件tp/Application/Common/Conf/config.php:

<?phpreturn array(  // 开启路由  'URL_ROUTER_ON' => true,  // URL访问模式,可选参数0、1、2、3,代表以下四种模式:  // 0 (普通模式); 1 (PATHINFO 模式); 2 (REWRITE 模式); 3 (兼容模式) 默认为PATHINFO 模式  'URL_MODEL' => 2,  // URL伪静态后缀设置,为空表示可以支持所有的静态后缀  // 使用U函数生成URL时会不带后缀  'URL_HTML_SUFFIX' => '',  // URL变量绑定到Action方法参数,默认为true  'URL_PARAMS_BIND' => true,  // URL变量绑定的类型 0 按变量名绑定 1 按变量顺序绑定,默认为0  'URL_PARAMS_BIND_TYPE' => 0,  // 路由配置  'URL_ROUTE_RULES' => array(    '/^url$/' => 'Home/User/url',    '/^user$/' => 'Home/User/index',    '/^user//([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)$/' => 'Home/User/show?name=:1',    '/^user//([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)//blog$/' => 'Home/Blog/index?name=:1',    '/^user//([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)//blog//([0-9]+)$/' => 'Home/Blog/show?name=:1&blog_id=:2',  ),);?>

创建文件tp/Application/Home/Controller/UserController.class.php:

<?phpnamespace Home/Controller;use Think/Controller;class UserController extends Controller {  public function url() {    $name = 'jing';    $blogId = 1;    $urls = array(      U('/user'),      U("/user/{$name}"),      U("/user/{$name}/blog"),      U("/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}"),    );    foreach ($urls as $url) {      echo "<a href=/"{$url}/">{$url}<a/><br />/n";    }  }  public function index() {    echo '我是用户列表^_^';  }  public function show($name) {    echo "欢迎你,{$name}";  }}?>

创建文件tp/Application/Home/Controller/BlogController.class.php:

<?phpnamespace Home/Controller;use Think/Controller;class BlogController extends Controller {  public function index($name) {    echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";  }  public function show($blog_id, $name) {    echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blog_id}";  }}?>

访问:http://127.0.0.1/tp/url

输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

<a href="/tp/user">/tp/user<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing">/tp/user/jing<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog">/tp/user/jing/blog<a/><br />
<a href="/tp/user/jing/blog/1">/tp/user/jing/blog/1<a/><br />

访问上面4个链接,依次返回:

我是用户列表^_^
欢迎你,jing
这是jing的博客列表
jing的这篇博客的id为1
下面其他框架,也同样输出以上内容。

Zend Framework 2

使用ZF2骨架程序创建一个ZF2项目:

composer create-project --stability="dev" zendframework/skeleton-application zf2

修改默认模块Application的配置文件zf2/module/Application/config/module.config.php:

<?php/** * Zend Framework (http://framework.zend.com/) * * @link   http://github.com/zendframework/ZendSkeletonApplication for the canonical source repository * @copyright Copyright (c) 2005-2015 Zend Technologies USA Inc. (http://www.zend.com) * @license  http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd New BSD License */return array(  'router' => array(    'routes' => array(      'home' => array(        'type' => 'Zend/Mvc/Router/Http/Literal',        'options' => array(          'route' => '/url',          'defaults' => array(            'controller' => 'Application/Controller/User',            'action' => 'url',          ),        ),      ),      // The following is a route to simplify getting started creating      // new controllers and actions without needing to create a new      // module. Simply drop new controllers in, and you can access them      // using the path /application/:controller/:action      'application' => array(        'type' => 'Literal',        'options' => array(          'route' => '/application',          'defaults' => array(            '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application/Controller',            'controller' => 'Index',            'action' => 'index',          ),        ),        'may_terminate' => true,        'child_routes' => array(          'default' => array(            'type' => 'Segment',            'options' => array(              'route' => '/[:controller[/:action]]',              'constraints' => array(                'controller' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',                'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*',              ),              'defaults' => array(              ),            ),          ),        ),      ),      'user_list' => array(        'type' => 'Segment',        'options' => array(          'route' => '/user[/]',          'defaults' => array(            '__NAMESPACE__' => 'Application/Controller',            'controller' => 'User',            'action' => 'index',          ),        ),        'may_terminate' => true,        'child_routes' => array(          'user' => array(            'type' => 'Segment',            'options' => array(              'route' => '[:name][/]',              'constraints' => array(                'name' => '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+',              ),              'defaults' => array(                'action' => 'show',              ),            ),            'may_terminate' => true,            'child_routes' => array(              'blog_list' => array(                'type' => 'Segment',                'options' => array(                  'route' => 'blog[/]',                  'constraints' => array(                  ),                  'defaults' => array(                    'controller' => 'Blog',                    'action' => 'index',                  )                ),                'may_terminate' => true,                'child_routes' => array(                  'blog' => array(                    'type' => 'Segment',                    'options' => array(                      'route' => '[:blog_id]',                      'constraints' => array(                        'blog_id' => '[0-9]+',                      ),                      'defaults' => array(                        'action' => 'show',                      )                    ),                    'may_terminate' => true,                  ),                ),              ),            ),          ),        ),      ),    ),  ),  'service_manager' => array(    'abstract_factories' => array(      'Zend/Cache/Service/StorageCacheAbstractServiceFactory',      'Zend/Log/LoggerAbstractServiceFactory',    ),    'aliases' => array(      'translator' => 'MvcTranslator',    ),  ),  'translator' => array(    'locale' => 'en_US',    'translation_file_patterns' => array(      array(        'type' => 'gettext',        'base_dir' => __DIR__ . '/../language',        'pattern' => '%s.mo',      ),    ),  ),  'controllers' => array(    'invokables' => array(      'Application/Controller/Index' => 'Application/Controller/IndexController',      'Application/Controller/User' => 'Application/Controller/UserController',      'Application/Controller/Blog' => 'Application/Controller/BlogController',    ),  ),  'view_manager' => array(    'display_not_found_reason' => true,    'display_exceptions' => true,    'doctype' => 'HTML5',    'not_found_template' => 'error/404',    'exception_template' => 'error/index',    'template_map' => array(      'layout/layout' => __DIR__ . '/../view/layout/layout.phtml',      'application/index/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/application/index/index.phtml',      'error/404' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/404.phtml',      'error/index' => __DIR__ . '/../view/error/index.phtml',    ),    'template_path_stack' => array(      __DIR__ . '/../view',    ),  ),  // Placeholder for console routes  'console' => array(    'router' => array(      'routes' => array(      ),    ),  ),);?>

这个文件是骨架程序中自带的,我只是修改了router部分和controllers部分。要我写这么长的文件,那就太为难我了。这也是ZF官方发布了一个骨架程序的原因。

创建文件zf2/module/Application/src/Application/Controller/UserController.php:

<?phpnamespace Application/Controller;use Zend/Mvc/Controller/AbstractActionController;use Zend/View/Model/ViewModel;class UserController extends AbstractActionController {  public function urlAction() {    $name = 'jing';    $blogId = 1;    $urls = array(      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list'),      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user', array('name' => $name)),      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list', array('name' => $name)),      $this->url()->fromRoute('user_list/user/blog_list/blog', array('name' => $name, 'blog_id' => $blogId)),    );    $view = new ViewModel(compact('urls'));    $view->setTerminal(true);    return $view;  }  public function indexAction() {    $view = new ViewModel();    // 禁用布局模板    $view->setTerminal(true);    return $view;  }  public function showAction() {    $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');    $view = new ViewModel(compact('username'));    $view->setTerminal(true);    return $view;  }}?>

创建文件zf2/module/Application/src/Application/Controller/BlogController.php:

<?phpnamespace Application/Controller;use Zend/Mvc/Controller/AbstractActionController;use Zend/View/Model/ViewModel;class BlogController extends AbstractActionController {  public function indexAction() {    $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');    $view = new ViewModel(compact('username'));    $view->setTerminal(true);    return $view;  }  public function showAction() {    $username = $this->params()->fromRoute('name');    $blogId = $this->params()->fromRoute('blog_id');    $view = new ViewModel(compact('username', 'blogId'));    $view->setTerminal(true);    return $view;  }}?>

zf2不支持Action参数绑定,ThinkPHP不仅支持绑定,还支持2种绑定方式:按变量名绑定和按变量顺序绑定。

zf2中Action必须得返回视图,除非exit()。如果你知道可以禁用视图的办法,请告诉我。

创建文件zf2/module/Application/view/application/user/url.phtml:

<?php foreach ($urls as $url): ?><a href="<?php echo $url;?>"><?php echo $url;?><a/><br /><?php endforeach; ?>

创建文件zf2/module/Application/view/application/user/index.phtml:

我是用户列表^_^
创建文件zf2/module/Application/view/application/user/show.phtml:

欢迎你,<?php echo $username; ?>
创建文件zf2/module/Application/view/application/blog/index.phtml:

这是<?php echo $username; ?>的博客列表
创建文件zf2/module/Application/view/application/blog/show.phtml:

复制代码 代码如下:

<?php echo $username; ?>的这篇博客的id为<?php echo $blogId; ?>

Yaf

安装Yaf

使用代码生成工具创建Yaf项目

修改启动文件yaf/application/Bootstrap.php,修改其中的_initRoute方法:

    $router = Yaf_Dispatcher::getInstance()->getRouter();    $route0 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('url', array(      'controller' => 'User',      'action' => 'url',        ), array()    );    $route1 = new Yaf_Route_Rewrite('user', array(      'controller' => 'User',      'action' => 'index',        ), array()    );    $route2 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)#', array(      'controller' => 'User',      'action' => 'show',        ), array(1 => 'name',)    );    $route3 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog#', array(      'controller' => 'Blog',      'action' => 'index',        ), array(1 => 'name',)    );    $route4 = new Yaf_Route_Regex('#user/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/blog/([0-9]+)#', array(      'controller' => 'Blog',      'action' => 'show',        ), array(1 => 'name', 2 => 'blogId',)    );    $router->addRoute('url', $route0);    $router->addRoute('user_list', $route1);    $router->addRoute('user', $route2);    $router->addRoute("blog_list", $route3);    $router->addRoute("blog", $route4);

Yaf有路由功能,但是没有根据路由名生成URL的方法。所以我定义了一个项目名,用于拼接URL。

在配置文件中添加配置项yaf/conf/application.ini:

复制代码 代码如下:

project.name = 'yaf'

创建文件yaf/application/controllers/User.php:

<?phpclass UserController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {  public function urlAction() {    $name = 'jing';    $blogId = 1;    $app = Yaf_Application::app();    $projectName = $app->getConfig()->project->name;    $urls = array(      "/{$projectName}/user",      "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}",      "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog",      "/{$projectName}/user/{$name}/blog/{$blogId}",    );    foreach ($urls as $url) {      echo "<a href=/"{$url}/">{$url}<a/><br />/n";    }    return false;  }  public function indexAction() {    echo '我是用户列表^_^';    // 禁用视图模板    return false;  }  public function showAction($name) {    echo "欢迎你,{$name}";    return false;  }}

创建文件yaf/application/controllers/Blog.php:

复制代码 代码如下:

<?php
class BlogController extends Yaf_Controller_Abstract {
    public function indexAction($name) {
        echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";
        return false;
    }
    public function showAction($blogId, $name) {
        echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}";
        return false;
    }
}

Yaf的Action支持参数绑定,是按变量名绑定的。$name、$blogId要和路由中配置的名称一样,而和参数顺序无关。

Laravel

新建Laravel项目:

复制代码 代码如下:

composer create-project laravel/laravel --prefer-dist

清除合并文件。在目录laravel/vendor/下有个文件compiled.php,这个文件是为了减少IO提高框架性能,将很多类文件合并到一个文件中而生存的。在开发环境下,应该删除该文件,否则修改了一些文件发现没有效果,其实是因为文件已经合并缓存了。
清除命令:

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan clear-compiled

在生产环境中应该开启,以提升性能:

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan optimize --force

修改路由文件laravel/app/Http/routes.php:

复制代码 代码如下:

<?php
Route::get('/url', array('uses' => 'UserController@getUrl'));
Route::get('/user', array('uses' => 'UserController@getIndex'));
Route::get('/user/{username}', array('uses' => 'UserController@getShow'));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog', array(
    'as' => 'blog_list',
    'uses' => 'BlogController@getIndex',
));
Route::get('/user/{username}/blog/{blogId}', array(
    'as' => 'blog',
    'uses' => 'BlogController@getShow',
))->where(array('blogId' => '[0-9]+'));

查看路由定义情况:

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan route:list

输出:

复制代码 代码如下:

+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
| Domain | Method   | URI                           | Name      | Action                                       | Middleware |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+
|        | GET|HEAD | url                           |           | App/Http/Controllers/UserController@getUrl   |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user                          |           | App/Http/Controllers/UserController@getIndex |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user/{username}               |           | App/Http/Controllers/UserController@getShow  |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog          | blog_list | App/Http/Controllers/BlogController@getIndex |            |
|        | GET|HEAD | user/{username}/blog/{blogId} | blog      | App/Http/Controllers/BlogController@getShow  |            |
+--------+----------+-------------------------------+-----------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

定义路由变量全局模式,修改文件laravel/app/Providers/RouteServiceProvider.php中的boot方法:

复制代码 代码如下:

    public function boot(Router $router) {
        $router->pattern('username', '[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+');

        parent::boot($router);
    }

创建UserController控制器:

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan make:controller UserController

Laravel帮我们在laravel/app/Http/Controllers目录下创建了文件UserController.php,文件中已经为我们写好一部分骨架代码。修改文件laravel/app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php:

复制代码 代码如下:

<?php
namespace App/Http/Controllers;
use App/Http/Controllers/Controller;
class UserController extends Controller {
    public function getUrl() {
        $name = 'jing';
        $blogId = 1;
        $urls = array(
            url('/user'),
            action('UserController@getShow', array($name)),
            route('blog_list', array($name)),
            route('blog', array($name, $blogId)),
        );
        foreach ($urls as $url) {
            echo "<a href=/"{$url}/">{$url}<a/><br />/n";
        }
    }
    public function getIndex() {
        echo '我是用户列表^_^';
    }
    public function getShow($name) {
        echo "欢迎你,{$name}";
    }
}

创建BlogController控制器:

复制代码 代码如下:

php artisan make:controller BlogController

修改文件laravel/app/Http/Controllers/BlogController.php:

复制代码 代码如下:

<?php
namespace App/Http/Controllers;
use App/Http/Controllers/Controller;
class BlogController extends Controller {
    public function getIndex($name) {
        echo "这是{$name}的博客列表";
    }
    public function getShow($name, $blogId) {
        echo "{$name}的这篇博客的id为{$blogId}";
    }
}

Laravel的Action也支持参数绑定,是按变量顺序绑定的,和变量名无关。

后语

我是Laravel粉,但是我也没有想黑其他框架的意思,大家有兴趣也可以用自己熟悉的框架来实现这个小例子,写了记得@我,语言不限。

以上所述就是本文的全部内容了,希望大家能够喜欢。

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