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Java动态代理

2019-11-08 01:11:41
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1、概述

建议大家在看这篇博文之前,去我的博客中阅读java代理模式一文。里面讲解了代理模式的相关概念。

①代理模式

我们在实践过程中,常常需要对一个类的功能进行完善和增强。于是,我们经常会用继承类和实现接口的方式来增强一个类,但这样或多或少会造成类与类之间的耦合:继承类之后不能再继承其他类;实现接口的话必须实现接口中的所有方法,且若接口的方法发生改变,实现接口类也必须做出改变,这样不利于最大限度扩展。

代理模式(PRoxy)使用代理类来增强原始类。代理类需要与原始类建立逻辑关系的代码,而原始类不需要任何改动。这样有利于原始类的扩展与维护。代理模式增强原始类得到方式是非侵入性的。

Spring AOP(aspect Oriented Programming)就很好的体现了代理模式。

②动态代理

Java动态代理就是运用了代理模式:提供一个代理类(Proxy),控制和加强原始类。说白了就是对原始类的方法的加强。

2、Java动态代理实例分析

UML图:

这里写图片描述

Target为被代理类的接口,定义了一个Operate()抽象方法。
ConcreteTarget为被代理类,实现了Target接口的operated()方法。
InvocationHandler接口为Java内置的方法处理器,用于增强被代理类的方法。
Handler类为InvocationHandler的实现类,用于增强被代理类。
Proxy为代理类,其中的静态方法newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class < ? > [] interfaces, InvocationHandler h)接受被代理类的类加载器、被代理类实现的接口、InvocationHandler的实例对象。

①实现Java动态代理实例基本步骤

定义被代理类接口。定义被代理类,并实现其对应的接口方法。创建一个被代理类对象。定义一个处理器类,并实现InvocationHandler接口。创建一个处理器对象。通过被代理类对象,使用反射(reflect)方式获得其类加载器(ClassLoader)、接口(interfaces)。使用Proxy类的newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class

②代码解析

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;/** * @author Hanlin Wang */public class DynamicProxy { public static void main(String[] args) { ConcreteTarget target = new ConcreteTarget(); //获得target的类加载器。 ClassLoader loader = target.getClass().getClassLoader(); //获得target所实现的接口。 Class<?>[] interfaces = target.getClass().getInterfaces(); //创建处理器实例 Handler handler = new Handler(target); //创建ConcreteTarget类的代理对象 Target proxyTarget = (Target)Proxy.newProxyInstance(loader, interfaces, handler); //执行代理类方法 proxyTarget.operate(); /* * 运行结果: * * 方法执行前 * 目标方法执行! * 方法执行后 */ }}interface Target{ void operate();}class ConcreteTarget implements Target{ public void operate(){ System.out.println("目标方法执行!"); }}//定义处理器类,增强目标类的方法。class Handler implements InvocationHandler{ private Target target; //通过构造函数注入目标类。 public Handler(Target target) { this.target = target; } //invoke在目标类实例执行某个实现的接口的方法时自动被调用。 public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { System.out.println("方法执行前"); //调用目标类实例当前执行的方法。 method.invoke(target, args); System.out.println("方法执行后"); //根据需要,可以考虑是否需要返回值,若不需要可以返回null。 return null; }}

运行结果:

方法执行前 目标方法执行! 方法执行后

下面来分析一下Proxy类中的静态方法:newProxyInstance。

public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h) throws IllegalArgumentException { if (h == null) { throw new NullPointerException(); } final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone(); final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager(); if (sm != null) { checkProxyaccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs); } /* * Look up or generate the designated proxy class. */ Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs); /* * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler. */ try { final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams); final InvocationHandler ih = h; if (sm != null && ProxyAccessHelper.needsNewInstanceCheck(cl)) { // create proxy instance with doPrivilege as the proxy class may // implement non-public interfaces that requires a special permission return AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() { public Object run() { return newInstance(cons, ih); } }); } else { return newInstance(cons, ih); } } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { throw new InternalError(e.toString()); } }

我们直接进入getProxyClass0方法源码

private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>... interfaces) { if (interfaces.length > 65535) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded"); } // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy; // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces); }

再次进入proxyClassCache的get方法中:

public V get(K key, P parameter) { Objects.requireNonNull(parameter); expungeStaleEntries(); Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue); // lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey); if (valuesMap == null) { ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap = map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey, valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>()); if (oldValuesMap != null) { valuesMap = oldValuesMap; } } // create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that // subKey from valuesMap Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)); Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); Factory factory = null; while (true) { if (supplier != null) { // supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance V value = supplier.get(); if (value != null) { return value; } } // else no supplier in cache // or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue // or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue) // lazily construct a Factory if (factory == null) { factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap); } if (supplier == null) { supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory); if (supplier == null) { // successfully installed Factory supplier = factory; } // else retry with winning supplier } else { if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) { // successfully replaced // cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory // with our Factory supplier = factory; } else { // retry with current supplier supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey); } } } }

可以注意到,使用了supplier.get()方法获得代理类对象。并注意到这行:“subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter)”,apply方法被定义在BiFunction接口中。回到Proxy类中:

private static final class ProxyClassFactory implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> { // prefix for all proxy class names private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy"; // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong(); @Override public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) { Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length); for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { /* * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this * interface to the same Class object. */ Class<?> interfaceClass = null; try { interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { } if (interfaceClass != intf) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( intf + " is not visible from class loader"); } /* * Verify that the Class object actually represents an * interface. */ if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface"); } /* * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate. */ if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName()); } } String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in /* * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the * proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package. */ for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) { int flags = intf.getModifiers(); if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) { String name = intf.getName(); int n = name.lastIndexOf('.'); String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1)); if (proxyPkg == null) { proxyPkg = pkg; } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( "non-public interfaces from different packages"); } } } if (proxyPkg == null) { // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + "."; } /* * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate. */ long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement(); String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num; /* * Generate the specified proxy class. */ byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces); try { return defineClass0(loader, proxyName, proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length); } catch (ClassFormatError e) { /* * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the * proxy class generation code) there was some other * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations * exceeded). */ throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString()); } } }

我们只需要关注:ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces);(位于672行)。这一步就真正的产生了代理类对象的Binary文件了。有兴趣的同学可以使用反编译工具查看Binary文件的源码。

③动态代理执行过程总结

使用 InvocationHandler接口创建处理器对象使用 Proxy 类的 newProxyInstance方法,ClassLoader 对象和一组 interface 作为参数,创建动态代理类模型。通过反射机制获取动态代理类的构造函数,构造函数接收InvocationHandler类型的参数。通过构造函数创建动态代理类对象,并调用处理器对象作为参数传入。
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