首页 > 系统 > Android > 正文

android——再谈加载大量图片性能问题

2019-11-09 16:29:04
字体:
来源:转载
供稿:网友

        原创文章,转载请注明出处。

        作为一个刚接触android不久的小白,对于通过gridview来加载大量图片的性能问题的解决也是比较曲折的。之前写过一篇弱应用的使用场景,介绍了通过异步线程和缓存加载图片http://blog.csdn.net/guduyishuai/article/details/54616201。但是性能还是有些慢的,现在发现android缩略图的功能,结合之前异步线程和缓存来加载图片,这种方式的性能可以接受了。目前测试上千张图片,二十来个视频都是没问题的。

        先看一下效果:

       

        先梳理一下知识点。

        1、android自带的缩略图功能概述

               android自带了媒体扫描服务MEDIA_SCANNER,该服务通过扫描媒体文件,进行如下操作。

               a、更新媒体表的数据,包括缩略图,图片,视频,音频

               b、创建缩略图到/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Camera/.thumbnails,该文件夹可能是隐藏文件夹

               问题点:a、关于MEDIA_SCANNER的启动时机不太清楚,也没有查询到相关资料。不过可以手动启动

                               b、目前在华为上测试,MEDIA_SCANNER执行后确实更新了除缩略图表以外的数据库表,但是缩略图的数据库表未更新也未生成缩略图。

                                     对于视频,在第一次播放后会自动更新缩略图的数据库表,生成缩略图。

                                     对于图片,未找到更新的时机。

       2、Thumbnails类

              该类提供了获取缩略图的一系列方法,可以在该类中找到媒体数据库表的表名,字段名。然后可以通过对数据库的查询获得相应信息。

              看一下的相关表名和字段吧

              a、图片

                     表名:Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

                     字段:Thumbnails._ID, Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID,Thumbnails.DATA

             b、视频

                    表名:MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

                    字段:MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails._ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA

       3、Media类

             同Thumbnails类,不同的是提供的是图片的相应信息

             表名:Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

             字段:Media._ID, Media.BUCKET_ID,Media.PICASA_ID, Media.DATA, Media.DISPLAY_NAME, Media.TITLE,Media.SIZE, Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME

       4、MediaStore类

            同Media类,提供了更丰富的媒体信息,包括了视频,音频

            视频表名:MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI

                    字段:MediaStore.Video.Media._ID,MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_ID,MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA, MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME,                                MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE,MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE, MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME,MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE

       5、ThumbnailUtils类

             该类提供了手动创建缩略图的方法

             图片:Bitmap ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(Bitmap source,int width,int height)

                         Bitmap ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(Bitmap source,int width,int height, int options)

             视频:BitmapThumbnailUtils.createVideoThumbnail(String filePath, int kind)

       6、ImageLoader工具

             该工具为第三方开源图片加载工具,思路也是多线程异步加载,提供多种缓存机制,包括弱引用缓存,其他多种算法的缓存。高可配置化。在这里就不多做介绍。

       再梳理一下思路

        1、拍照和视频录制后

               执行MEDIA_SCANNER服务。

               注意:这个时候不能保证生成缩略图,因此我们需要自己建立一个缩略图

       2、打开相册

              通过查询数据库,获得图片,视频的缩略图路径,图片,视频的原始路径

              通过多线程加载图片,由于生成缩略图的时机不可把握(也可能是华为系统的问题,在MEDIA_SCANNER服务后不生成缩略图)。另外,如果是视频缩略图,这里加了水印对图片缩略图进行区分。因此思路如下

              a、如果是视频

                    a.1、如果存在系统缩略图,不存在本地缩略图(非本app录制的视频)

                              取出系统缩略图,加上水印,保存到自带缩略图

                              加载本地缩略图

                    a.2、否则

                              加载本地缩略图

              b、如果是图片

                    a.1、存在本地缩略图

                        a.1.1、需要判断图片是否进行修改(因为相册图片修改后,保存时原图片名会在一定时机变为"原图名_#",#表示数字,也可能是华为系统的特例,尚未验证)

                            a.1.1.1、图片已经修改

                                 a.1.1.1.1、存在原文件名的本地缩略图

                                         更新为新文件名

                                         加载本地缩略图

                                 a.1.1.1.2、不存在原文件名的缩略图(非本app拍摄的图片)

                                         创建本地缩略图

                                         加载本地缩略图

                           a.1.1.2、图片未修改

                                a.1.1.2.1、存在系统缩略图

                                         加载系统缩略图

                                a.1.1.2.2、不存在系统缩略图

                                         创建本地缩略图

                                         加载本地缩略图

             a.2、存在本地缩略图

                       加载本地缩略图

            还有一种简单的算法,如果不存在本地缩略图,直接创建本地缩略图。但是这样带来的问题是,如果存在大量的非本app拍摄的图片和视频,那么在第一次加载时,由于大量IO操作会对系统造成阻塞。使用了异步任务也是如此。所以才使用了以上算法。

           

             3、修改图片后

                   更新本地缩略图,执行MEDIA_SCANNER服务(这里其实还存在一个问题,如果是其他应用修改了图片,本地缩略图不会及时更新。解决办法可能需要一个server进行扫描。这样的话,其实就是MEDIA_SCANNER服务该做的事情啊。问题是MEDIA_SCANNER服务玩忽职守,可能是华为系统的原因)

            最后,看一下关键代码:

            调用MEDIA_SCANNER服务

           

Intent scanIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE);scanIntent.setData(Uri.fromFile(new File(filePath)));context.sendBroadcast(scanIntent);           对图片生成本地缩略图
public static void thumbnail(Activity context,String folder,String path,String fileName){    	Bitmap source = BitmapUtil.getComPRessBitmap(context, path,1);		Bitmap thumb=ThumbnailUtils.extractThumbnail(source, 96, 96, ThumbnailUtils.OPTIONS_RECYCLE_INPUT);		File thumbnailFolder=new File(folder);		if(!thumbnailFolder.exists()){			thumbnailFolder.mkdirs();		}		path=folder+"/"+fileName;		BitmapUtil.store(thumb, new File(path));    }           对视频生成本地缩略图

public static void thumbnailVideo(Activity context,String folder,String path,String fileName){    	Bitmap thumb=ThumbnailUtils.createVideoThumbnail(path, 96);    	Drawable drawable = context.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.video_recorder);    	Bitmap waterMark=drawableToBitmap(drawable);    	thumb=waterMark(thumb,waterMark);		File thumbnailFolder=new File(folder);		if(!thumbnailFolder.exists()){			thumbnailFolder.mkdirs();		}		path=folder+"/"+fileName;		BitmapUtil.store(thumb, new File(path));}            存储图片

public static void store(Bitmap bitmap,File file){    	OutputStream fos=null;    	try{    		fos = new FileOutputStream(file);    		bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, fos);    	}catch(Exception e){    		e.printStackTrace();    	}finally{    		try {				fos.close();			} catch (IOException e) {				e.printStackTrace();			}    	}}          相册类

public class ImageBucket {	public int count = 0;	public String bucketName;	public List<ImageItem> imageList;}         图片和视频信息类

public class ImageItem implements Serializable,Comparable<ImageItem>{	private static final long serialVersionUID = -6304538407773729848L;		public String imageId;	public String imageName;	public String thumbnailPath;	public String imagePath;	public boolean isVideo=false;	public boolean isSelected = false;		@Override	public int compareTo(ImageItem imageItem) {		return imageItem.imageId.compareTo(this.imageId);	}}        获得图片和视频的相关信息

public void init(Context context){ 		if(AlbumUtil.bucketList!=null || !AlbumUtil.bucketList.isEmpty()){			AlbumUtil.bucketList=null;			System.gc();			AlbumUtil.bucketList=new HashMap<String,ImageBucket>();		}		getThumbnail(context);		getImage();		getVideo();		Set<String> key=AlbumUtil.bucketList.keySet();    	for(String k : key){    		ImageBucket ib=AlbumUtil.bucketList.get(k);    		Collections.sort(ib.imageList);    	}}
private void getImage(){			// 构造相册索引			String columns[] = new String[] { Media._ID, Media.BUCKET_ID,					Media.PICASA_ID, Media.DATA, Media.DISPLAY_NAME, Media.TITLE,					Media.SIZE, Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME };			cr.delete(Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, Media._ID+"=?", new String[]{"55701"});			// 得到一个游标			Cursor cur = cr.query(Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, columns, null, null,null);			if (cur.moveToFirst()) {				// 获取指定列的索引				int photoIDIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media._ID);				int photoPathIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.DATA);				int photoNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.DISPLAY_NAME);				int photoTitleIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.TITLE);				int photoSizeIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.SIZE);				int bucketDisplayNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME);				int bucketIdIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.BUCKET_ID);				int picasaIdIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(Media.PICASA_ID);				// 获取图片总数				int totalNum = cur.getCount();				do {					String _id = cur.getString(photoIDIndex);					String name = cur.getString(photoNameIndex);					String path = cur.getString(photoPathIndex);					if(!path.contains(DEFAULT_PIC_DIR)){						continue;					}					String title = cur.getString(photoTitleIndex);					String size = cur.getString(photoSizeIndex);					String bucketName = cur.getString(bucketDisplayNameIndex);					String bucketId = cur.getString(bucketIdIndex);					String picasaId = cur.getString(picasaIdIndex);					Log.d(TAG, name);					if(name.contains("0207")){						System.out.println();					}					ImageBucket bucket = bucketList.get(bucketId);					if (bucket == null) {						bucket = new ImageBucket();						bucketList.put(bucketId, bucket);						bucket.imageList = new ArrayList<ImageItem>();						bucket.bucketName = bucketName;					}					bucket.count++;					ImageItem imageItem = new ImageItem();					imageItem.imageId = _id;					imageItem.imageName = name;					imageItem.imagePath = path;					imageItem.thumbnailPath = thumbnailList.get(_id);					bucket.imageList.add(imageItem);				} while (cur.moveToNext());			}			Iterator<Entry<String, ImageBucket>> itr = bucketList.entrySet()					.iterator();			while (itr.hasNext()) {				Map.Entry<String, ImageBucket> entry = (Map.Entry<String, ImageBucket>) itr						.next();				ImageBucket bucket = entry.getValue();				Log.d(TAG, entry.getKey() + ", " + bucket.bucketName + ", "						+ bucket.count + " ---------- ");				for (int i = 0; i < bucket.imageList.size(); ++i) {					ImageItem image = bucket.imageList.get(i);					Log.d(TAG, "----- " + image.imageId + ", " + image.imagePath							+ ", " + image.thumbnailPath);				}			}			//hasBuildImagesBucketList = true;	}			private void getVideo(){		String[] columns = new String[] {MediaStore.Video.Media._ID,				MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_ID,				MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA, 				MediaStore.Video.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, 				MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE,				MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE, 				MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME,				MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE }; 				Cursor cur = cr.query(MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, columns, null, null, MediaStore.Video.Media.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER);		if (cur.moveToFirst()) {			// 获取指定列的索引			int photoIDIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media._ID);			int photoPathIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.DATA);			int photoNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME);			int photoTitleIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.TITLE);			int photoSizeIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.SIZE);			int bucketDisplayNameIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME);			int bucketIdIndex = cur.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Video.Media.BUCKET_ID);			// 获取视频总数			int totalNum = cur.getCount();			do {				String _id = cur.getString(photoIDIndex);				String name = cur.getString(photoNameIndex);				String path = cur.getString(photoPathIndex);				if(!path.contains(DEFAULT_PIC_DIR)){					continue;				}				String title = cur.getString(photoTitleIndex);				String size = cur.getString(photoSizeIndex);				String bucketName = cur.getString(bucketDisplayNameIndex);				String bucketId = cur.getString(bucketIdIndex);				ImageBucket bucket = bucketList.get(bucketId);				if (bucket == null) {					bucket = new ImageBucket();					bucketList.put(bucketId, bucket);					bucket.imageList = new ArrayList<ImageItem>();					bucket.bucketName = bucketName;				}				bucket.count++;				ImageItem imageItem = new ImageItem();				imageItem.imageId = _id;				imageItem.imageName = title+".jpg";				imageItem.imagePath = path;				imageItem.thumbnailPath = thumbnailList.get(_id);				imageItem.isVideo=true;				bucket.imageList.add(imageItem);			} while (cur.moveToNext());		}		Iterator<Entry<String, ImageBucket>> itr = bucketList.entrySet()				.iterator();		while (itr.hasNext()) {			Map.Entry<String, ImageBucket> entry = (Map.Entry<String, ImageBucket>) itr					.next();			ImageBucket bucket = entry.getValue();			Log.d(TAG, entry.getKey() + ", " + bucket.bucketName + ", "					+ bucket.count + " ---------- ");			for (int i = 0; i < bucket.imageList.size(); ++i) {				ImageItem image = bucket.imageList.get(i);				Log.d(TAG, "----- " + image.imageId + ", " + image.imagePath						+ ", " + image.thumbnailPath);			}		}	}		/**	 * 得到缩略图	 */	private void getThumbnail(Context context) {		String[] projection = { Thumbnails._ID, Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID,Thumbnails.DATA};		cr = context.getContentResolver();		Cursor cursor = cr.query(Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, projection,				null, null, null);		getThumbnailColumnData(cursor,false);				String[] VideoThumbColumns = new String[]{  				MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails._ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID, MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA};  		cursor = cr.query(MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, VideoThumbColumns,				null, null, null);		getThumbnailColumnData(cursor,true);	}		/**	 * 从数据库中得到缩略图	 * 	 * @param cur	 */	private void getThumbnailColumnData(Cursor cur,boolean isVideo) {		if (cur.moveToFirst()) {			int _id;			int image_id;			String image_path;			if(isVideo){				int _idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails._ID);				int image_idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex( MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.VIDEO_ID);				int dataColumn = cur.getColumnIndex( MediaStore.Video.Thumbnails.DATA);					do {					_id = cur.getInt(_idColumn);					image_id = cur.getInt(image_idColumn);					image_path = cur.getString(dataColumn);					thumbnailList.put("" + image_id, image_path);				} while (cur.moveToNext());			}			else{				int _idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(Thumbnails._ID);				int image_idColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(Thumbnails.IMAGE_ID);				int dataColumn = cur.getColumnIndex(Thumbnails.DATA);					do {					_id = cur.getInt(_idColumn);					image_id = cur.getInt(image_idColumn);					image_path = cur.getString(dataColumn);					thumbnailList.put("" + image_id, image_path);				} while (cur.moveToNext());			}		}	}   
public static List<String> getPicsAndVideo(){		if(pics==null || pics.isEmpty() || isRefresh){			pics=new ArrayList<String>();			Set<String> key=AlbumUtil.bucketList.keySet();	    	for(String k : key){	    		ImageBucket ib=AlbumUtil.bucketList.get(k);	    		List<ImageItem> its=ib.imageList;	    		for(ImageItem it : its){	    			pics.add(it.imagePath);	    		}	    	}		}		return pics;	}                多线程异步加载图片

@Override	public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {		int windowWidth = ((Activity) context).getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();        int pad = 4;        ImageView imageView;        if(convertView == null){            imageView = new ImageView(context);        }        else{            imageView = (ImageView)convertView;        }        //判断是否有线程在加载该图片,或者该imageView的图片已经改变        /*        if (cancelPotentialLoad(fullPathImg.get(position), imageView)) {              AsyncLoadImageTask task = new AsyncLoadImageTask(imageView);              LoadedDrawable loadedDrawable = new LoadedDrawable(task);              imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams((windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4, (windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4));        	imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);            imageView.setImageDrawable(loadedDrawable);              task.execute(position);          }         */                File cacheDir = StorageUtils.getOwnCacheDirectory(context, "imageloader/Cache");                DisplayImageOptions options = new DisplayImageOptions.Builder()          .cacheInMemory(true)          .cacheOnDisc(true)        .bitmapConfig(Bitmap.Config.RGB_565)          .showStubImage(R.drawable.line)        .showImageForEmptyUri(R.drawable.line)        .showImageOnFail(R.drawable.line)        .imageScaleType(ImageScaleType.EXACTLY)         .build();                      ImageLoaderConfiguration config = new ImageLoaderConfiguration.Builder(context)									        .defaultDisplayImageOptions(options)									        .memoryCache(new LruMemoryCache(12 * 1024 * 1024))									        .memoryCacheSize(12 * 1024 * 1024)									        .discCache(new UnlimitedDiscCache(cacheDir))									        .discCacheSize(128 * 1024 * 1024)									        .threadPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY - 2)									        .denyCacheImageMultipleSizesInMemory()									        .tasksProcessingOrder(QueueProcessingType.LIFO)									        .writeDebugLogs()									        .build();                       imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams((windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4, (windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4));    	imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);    	Set<String> key=AlbumUtil.bucketList.keySet();    	String url="";    	for(String k : key){    		List<ImageItem> items=AlbumUtil.bucketList.get(k).imageList;    		String path=items.get(position).imagePath;    		String thumbnail=items.get(position).thumbnailPath;    		boolean isVideo=items.get(position).isVideo;    		if(isVideo){    			Log.d(TAG,"----------video---------"+items.get(position).imagePath);    			if(thumbnail!=null && !thumbnail.equals("")){    				//使用其他工具录制的视频,需要在缩略图上增加水印    				AddThumbnailWarterMarkTask addThumbnailWarterMarkTask=new AddThumbnailWarterMarkTask();    				addThumbnailWarterMarkTask.doInBackground(new String[]{items.get(position).imageName,path});    				url=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;    			}    			else{	    			//video使用加了水印的缩略图    				url=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;    			}    		}    		else{    			//由于系统更新缩略图的时机完全不可捕捉,也或者是华为为了省电在媒体扫描后不更新缩略图,    			//所以弃用系统缩略图,全部使用自己生成的缩略图    			//但是一次性生成缩略图会使第一次打开相册较慢,所以逐步替换    			/*	    		if(thumbnail!=null && !thumbnail.equals("")){	    			Log.d(TAG,"缩略图");	    			//已经生成缩略图后,删除非系统生成的缩略图	    			DeleteThumbnailTask deleteThumbnailTask=new DeleteThumbnailTask();	    			deleteThumbnailTask.doInBackground(items.get(position).imageName);	    			url=thumbnail;	    		}else{	    			Log.d(TAG,"原图");	    			//不知道缩略图在什么时候生成,如果未生成,使用之前手动生成的缩略图	    			path=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;	    			//相册文件修改后,在媒体扫描服务执行后,会对文件名进行修改,此时需要更新缩略图	    			File thumbnailFile=new File(path);	    			if(!thumbnailFile.exists()){	    				String name=items.get(position).imageName;	    				String orginalThumbnailName=name.substring(0,name.lastIndexOf("_"))+".jpg";	    				thumbnailFile=new File(Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+orginalThumbnailName);	    				thumbnailFile.renameTo(new File(path));	    			}	    			url=path;	    		}	    		*/    			path=Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+items.get(position).imageName;    			//相册文件修改后,在媒体扫描服务执行后,会对文件名进行修改,此时需要更新缩略图    			File thumbnailFile=new File(path);    			//不存在自己建立的缩略图    			if(!thumbnailFile.exists()){    				String name=items.get(position).imageName;    				//由于相册图片修改造成的缩略图失效    				if(name.split("_").length>3){	    				String orginalThumbnailName=name.substring(0,name.lastIndexOf("_"))+".jpg";	    				thumbnailFile=new File(Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+orginalThumbnailName);	    				if(thumbnailFile.exists()){	    					thumbnailFile.renameTo(new File(path));	    				}else{	    					//创建缩略图	    					CreateThumbnailTask createThumbnailTask=new CreateThumbnailTask();        					createThumbnailTask.doInBackground(new String[]{items.get(position).imagePath,name});	    				}    					url=path;    				}else{    					if(thumbnail!=null && !thumbnail.equals("")){    						//系统缩略图    						url=thumbnail;    					}    					else{    						//创建缩略图    						CreateThumbnailTask createThumbnailTask=new CreateThumbnailTask();        					createThumbnailTask.doInBackground(new String[]{items.get(position).imagePath,name});        					url=path;    					}    				}    			}else{    				url=path;    			}    		}    	}    	/*        String url=fullPathImg.get(position);           */        String imageUrl = Scheme.FILE.wrap(url);          ImageLoader.getInstance().displayImage(imageUrl, imageView, options);                  /*        imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams((windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4, (windowWidth - pad * 12) / 4));    	imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);    	String url=fullPathImg.get(position);       	imageView.setImageBitmap(BitmapUtil.getCompressBitmap((Activity) context, url,100));        */                return imageView;	}
private class CreateThumbnailTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,Boolean>{		@Override		protected Boolean doInBackground(String... args) {			BitmapUtil.thumbnail((Activity) context,Info.THUMBNAIL,args[0],args[1]);			return true;		}			}
private class AddThumbnailWarterMarkTask extends AsyncTask<String,Void,Boolean>{		@Override		protected Boolean doInBackground(String... args) {			File file=new File(Info.THUMBNAIL+"/"+args[0]);			if(!file.exists()){				BitmapUtil.thumbnailVideo((Activity) context,Info.THUMBNAIL,args[1],args[0]);			}			return true;		}			}


发表评论 共有条评论
用户名: 密码:
验证码: 匿名发表