Android之Intent全面解析及用法

2019-11-09 17:21:27

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ntent对Android的核心和灵魂，是各组件之间的桥梁。四大组件分别为Activity 、Service、BroadcastReceiver、ContentPRovider。而这四种组件是独立的，它们之间可以互相调用，协调工作，最终组成一个真正的Android应用。

Intent的中文意思为“意图”，在Android中可以理解为想要做什么，What do want to do? 所以什么时候要用到Intent就很好理解了。

[javascript] view plain copy显示网页:Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://www.google.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,uri); startActivity(it); 显示地图: Uri uri = Uri.parse("geo:38.899533,-77.036476"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.Action_VIEW,uri); startActivity(it); 路径规划: Uri uri = Uri.parse("http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&saddr=startLat%20startLng&daddr=endLat%20endLng&hl=en"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW,URI); startActivity(it); 拨打电话: 调用拨号程序 Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel:xxxxxx"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri); startActivity(it); Uri uri = Uri.parse("tel.xxxxxx"); Intent it =new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL,uri); 要使用这个必须在配置文件中加入<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" /> 发送SMS/MMS 调用发送短信的程序 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); it.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms"); startActivity(it); 发送短信 Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); it.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text"); startActivity(it); 发送彩信 Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra("sms_body", "some text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri); it.setType("image/png"); startActivity(it); 发送Email Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); startActivity(it); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); String[] tos={"me@abc.com"}; String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"}; it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.setType("message/rfc822"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 添加附件 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3"); sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 播放多媒体 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); startActivity(it); Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); Uninstall 程序 Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", strPackageName, null); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri); startActivity(it); Install　程序 Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null); returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri); [Javascript] view plain copy//搜索应用 Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?q=pname:pkg_name"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where pkg_name is the full package path for an application //显示指定应用的详细页面（这个好像不支持了，找不到app_id） Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=app_id"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); //where app_id is the application ID, find the ID //by clicking on your application on Market home //page, and notice the ID from the address bar

[java] view plain copy打开另一程序 Intent i = new Intent(); ComponentName cn = new ComponentName("com.drip.android2", "com.drip.android2.AndroidSearch"); i.setComponent(cn); i.setAction("android.intent.action.MAIN"); startActivityForResult(i, RESULT_OK); 打开联系人列表 <1> Intent i = new Intent(); i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); i.setType("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone"); startActivityForResult(i, REQUEST_TEXT); <2> Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://contacts/people"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, uri); startActivityForResult(it, REQUEST_TEXT); 打开录音机 Intent mi = new Intent(Media.RECORD_SOUND_ACTION); startActivity(mi); 从gallery选取图片 Inten t i = new Intent(); i.setType("image/*"); i.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT); startActivityForResult(i, 11); 打开照相机 <1>Intent i = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON, null); this.sendBroadcast(i); <2>long dateTaken = System.currentTimeMillis(); String name = createName(dateTaken) + ".jpg"; fileName = folder + name; ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put(Images.Media.TITLE, fileName); values.put("_data", fileName); values.put(Images.Media.PICASA_ID, fileName); values.put(Images.Media.DISPLAY_NAME, fileName); values.put(Images.Media.DESCRIPTION, fileName); values.put(Images.ImageColumns.BUCKET_DISPLAY_NAME, fileName); Uri photoUri = getContentResolver().insert( MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, values); Intent inttPhoto = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE); inttPhoto.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, photoUri); startActivityForResult(inttPhoto, 10); 播放多媒体 Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); Uri uri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/song.mp3"); it.setDataAndType(uri, "audio/mp3"); startActivity(it); 或者 Uri uri = Uri.withAppendedPath(MediaStore.Audio.Media.INTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, "1"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri); startActivity(it); 或者 Uri playUri = Uri.parse("file:///sdcard/download/everything.mp3"); returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, playUri); 发送Email Uri uri = Uri.parse("mailto:xxx@abc.com"); Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri); startActivity(it); 或者: Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, address); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, filename); intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("file://" + filename)); ; intent.setType("text/csv"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, "EMail File")); 或者: Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, "me@abc.com"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.setType("text/plain"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 或者: Intent it=new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); String[] tos={"me@abc.com"}; String[] ccs={"you@abc.com"}; it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.setType("message/rfc822"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 或者: Intent it = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text"); it.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, "file:///sdcard/mysong.mp3"); sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3"); startActivity(Intent.createChooser(it, "Choose Email Client")); 后台发送短信注册权限 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS" /> 代码实现 : // 获取信息内容 String message ; // 移动运营商允许每次发送的字节数据有限，我们可以使用Android给我们提供的短信工具。 if (message != null) { SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault(); // 如果短信没有超过限制长度，则返回一个长度的List。 List<String> texts = sms.divideMessage(message); for (String text : texts) { sms.sendTextMessage(“这里是接收者电话号码”, “这里是发送者电话号码”, “这里是短信内容”, null, null); } } //说明 sms.sendTextMessage(destinationAddress, scAddress, text, sentIntent, deliveryIntent)： destinationAddress:接收方的手机号码 scAddress:发送方的手机号码 text:信息内容 sentIntent:发送是否成功的回执， DeliveryIntent:接收是否成功的回执，从google搜索内容 Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH); intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY,"searchString") startActivity(intent); [java] view plain copyAPK 安装 Intent intent =new Intenet(); String filepath="/SDCard/XXX.apk"; [java] view plain copyintent.setDataAndType(Uri.parse("file://" + filepath),"application/vnd.android.package-archive"); starActivity(intent);

Activity之间的传递

[java] view plain copyIntent intent=new Intent(); intent.setClass(MainActivity.this, SecondActivity.class); startActivity(intent);

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