1、打开
open(file,mode):
>>>fo = open('test.txt', 'r')>>>fo.read()'hello/n'>>>fo.close()
file(file,mode):
>>>f = file('test.txt', 'r')>>>f.read()'hello/n'>>>f.close()
mode可取值:
2、创建
用w/w+/a/a+模式打开即可。
1、String = FileObject.read([size])
>>> fr = open('test.txt')>>> fr.read()'hello/nworld/n'
or:
>>> for i in open('test.txt'):... PRint i... helloworld
2、String = FileObject.readline([size])
>>> f = open('test.txt')>>> f.readline()'hello/n'>>> f.readline()'world/n'>>> f.readline()''
或者可以用next
3、List = FileObject.readlines([size])
>>> f = open('test.txt')>>> f.readlines()['hello/n', 'world/n']
1、write(string)
>>> f = open('test.txt', 'a')>>> f.write('hello/nworld')#'hello/nworld'
2、writelines(list)
>>> l = ['a','b','c']>>> f=open('test.txt','a')>>> f.writelines(l)#'hello/nworldabc'
注:writelines相当于调用了多次write,不会自动添加换行(/n)符
1、FileObject.seek(offset, mode)
offset:偏移量
mode:0表示将文件指针指向从文件头部到“偏移量”字节处,
1表示将文件指针指向从文件当前位置向后移动“偏移量”字节,
2表示将文件指针指向从文件尾部向前移动“偏移量”字节。
>>> f=open('test.txt')>>> f.read()'hello/nworldabc'>>> f.read()''>>> f.seek(0,0)>>> f.read()'hello/nworldabc'>>> f.close()
2、flush:提交更新,即在文件关闭之前把内存中的内容强制写入文件(一般是文件关闭后写入)
3、文件查找:遍历行进行查找
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport research='hello world'file='test.txt'count = 0f = open(file)for l in f.readlines(): li = re.findall(search,l) if len(li) > 0: count += len(li)print "Search " + str(count) + " /"" + search + "/""f.close()
4、文件内容替换:遍历行进行替换
替换到新文件demo:
#!/usr/bin/pythonos='hello'of='test.txt'rs='ten'rf='test2.txt'ofh = open(of)newl=[]for l in ofh.readlines(): nl = l.replace(os,rs) newl.append(nl)rfh = open(rf,'w+')rfh.writelines(newl)ofh.close()rfh.close()
替换到原文件demo:
[server@localserver file]$ cat test.txt abchelloworldhello worldhelloworldhello hello world[server@localserver file]$ cat fr.py #!/usr/bin/pythonos='hello'file='test.txt'rs='ten'f = open(file, 'r+')s=f.read()f.seek(0,0)f.close()f = open(file, 'w+')f.write(s.replace(os,rs))f.close()[server@localserver file] python fr.py[server@localserver file]$ cat test.txt abctenworldten worldtenworldten ten world
这里采用了重建文件的办法。
或用 fileinput 模块直接在原文件上修改:
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport fileinputos='hello'file='test.txt'rs='ten'for line in fileinput.input(file, inplace=True): print line.replace(os,rs).replace('/n','')
注意,这里删除了/n是因为print时会写入换行。
一般是借助OS模块实现
1、mkdir(path[,mode=0777]):创建目录,相当于mkdir
>>>import os>>>os.mkdir('tt')
2、makedirs(name[, mode=511]):创建多级目录,相当于mkdir -p
3、rmdir(path):删除目录,相当于rm
4、removedirs(path):删除多级目录,相当于rm -rf
5、listdir(path):列出目录中文件和文件夹,相当于ls
6、getcwd():获取当前路径,相当于pwd
7、chdir(path):切换目录,相当于cd
8、rename(src, dst):重命名
9、shutil.copyfile(str,dst):复制文件(要引入shutil模块)
10、path.splitext(filename):获取文件路径和扩展名
>>> import os>>> fileName, fileExtension = os.path.splitext('/path/to/somefile.ext')>>> fileName'/path/to/somefile'>>> fileExtension'.ext'
11、walk(top, topdown=True, onerror=None):遍历目录
>>> import os>>> g = os.walk('a')>>> g.next()('a', ['b'], [])>>> g.next()('a/b', ['f', 'c'], [])>>> g.next()('a/b/f', [], ['3.txt'])>>> g.next()('a/b/c', ['d', 'e'], [])>>> g.next()('a/b/c/d', [], ['1.txt'])>>> g.next()('a/b/c/e', [], ['2.txt'])
walk返回的是一个生成器,生成器中的内容是:当前目录,目录列表,文件列表
python自己递归实现文件遍历:
#!/usr/bin/pythonimport osdef dirList(path): filelist = os.listdir(path) fpath = os.getcwd() allfile = [] for filename in filelist: filepath = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(path, filename)) if os.path.isdir(filepath): allfile.extend(dirList(filepath)) else: allfile.append(filepath) return allfilefiles = dirList('a')print files
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