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iOS-面试助攻(二)

2019-11-14 18:12:55
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详细理解KVC与KVO

在面试的时候,KVC与KVO有些时候还是会问到的,并且他们都是Objective C的关键概念,在这里我们先做一个简单地介绍:

(一)KVC:

KVC即指:NSKeyValueCoding,一个非正式的PRotocol,提供一种机制来间接访问对象的属性。KVO就是基于KVC实现的关键技术之一。

一个对象拥有某些属性;比如说,一个Person对象有一个name和一个address属性,以KVC说法,Person对象分别有一个value对应他的name和sex的key;这里key只是一个字符串,他对应的值可以使任意类型的对象;从最基础的从此上看,KVC有两个方法:一个是设置key的值,另一个是获取key的值;(示例代码如下:)

void changeName(Person *p, NSString *newName){     // using the KVC accessor (getter) method    NSString *originalName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];     // using the KVC  accessor (setter) method.    [p setValue:newName forKey:@"name"];     NSLog(@"Changed %@'s name to: %@", originalName, newName); }

 现在,如果 Person 有另外一个 key 配偶(spouse),spouse 的 key 值是另一个 Person 对象,用 KVC 可以这样写(示例代码如下:)

void logMarriage(Person *p){     // just using the accessor again, same as example above    NSString *personsName = [p valueForKey:@"name"];     // this line is different, because it is using    // a "key path" instead of a normal "key"    NSString *spousesName = [p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];     NSLog(@"%@ is happily married to %@", personsName, spousesName); }

 key 与 key pat 要区分开来,key 可以从一个对象中获取值,而 key path 可以将多个 key 用点号 “.” 分割连接起来,比如:

[p valueForKeyPath:@"spouse.name"];

 相当于这样……

[[p valueForKey:@"spouse"] valueForKey:@"name"];

 (二)KVO:

KVO即指:Key-Value Observing建立在 KVC 之上,它能够观察一个对象的 KVC key path 值的变化。举个例子,用代码观察一个 person 对象的 address 变化,以下是实现的三个方法:

(1)watchPersonForChangeOfAddress: 实现观察;
(2)observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: 在被观察的 key path 的值变化时调用;
(3)dealloc 停止观察。

(示例代码如下:)

static NSString *const KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED = @"KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED" @implementation PersonWatcher -(void) watchPersonForChangeOfAddress:(Person *)p{     // this begins the observing    [p addObserver:self        forKeyPath:@"address"           options:0           context:KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED];     // keep a record of all the people being observed,    // because we need to stop observing them in dealloc    [m_observedPeople addObject:p];} // whenever an observed key path changes, this method will be called- (void)observeValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath                      ofObject:(id)object                        change:(NSDictionary *)change                       context:(void *)context {    // use the context to make sure this is a change in the address,    // because we may also be observing other things    if(context == KVO_CONTEXT_ADDRESS_CHANGED) {        NSString *name = [object valueForKey:@"name"];        NSString *address = [object valueForKey:@"address"];        NSLog(@"%@ has a new address: %@", name, address);    }} -(void) dealloc;{     // must stop observing everything before this object is    // deallocated, otherwise it will cause crashes    for(Person *p in m_observedPeople){        [p removeObserver:self forKeyPath:@"address"];    }     [m_observedPeople release];    m_observedPeople = nil;     [super dealloc]; } -(id) init;{    if(self = [super init]){        m_observedPeople = [NSMutableArray new];    }     return self;} @end

 这就是 KVO 的作用,它通过 key path 观察对象的值,当值发生变化的时候会收到通知。

(以上便是KVO和KVC的相关理解,还希望大家相互补充共同进步)


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