转自http://blog.csdn.net/evangel_z/article/details/7332535
在web开发中，有一个经典的功能，就是数据的导入导出。特别是数据的导出，在生产管理或者财务系统中用的非常普遍，因为这些系统经常要做一些报表打印的工作。而数据导出的格式一般是EXCEL或者PDF，我这里就用两篇文章分别给大家介绍下。（注意，我们这里说的数据导出可不是数据库中的数据导出！么误会啦^_^）
呵呵，首先我们来导出EXCEL格式的文件吧。现在主流的操作Excel文件的开源工具有很多,用得比较多的就是Apache的POI及JExcelAPI。这里我们用Apache POI！我们先去Apache的大本营下载POI的jar包：http://poi.apache.org/ ，我这里使用的是3.0.2版本。
将3个jar包导入到classpath下，什么？忘了怎么导包？不会吧！好，我们来写一个导出Excel的实用类（所谓实用，是指基本不用怎么修改就可以在实际项目中直接使用的！）。我一直强调做类也好，做方法也好，一定要通用性和灵活性强。下面这个类就算基本贯彻了我的这种思想。那么，熟悉许老师风格的人应该知道，这时候该要甩出一长串代码了。没错，大伙请看：
1 import java.util.Date; 2 3 public class Student 4 { 5 PRivate long id; 6 private String name; 7 private int age; 8 private boolean sex; 9 private Date birthday;10 11 public Student()12 {13 }14 15 public Student(long id, String name, int age, boolean sex, Date birthday)16 {17 this.id = id;18 this.name = name;19 this.age = age;20 this.sex = sex;21 this.birthday = birthday;22 }23 24 public long getId()25 {26 return id;27 }28 29 public void setId(long id)30 {31 this.id = id;32 }33 34 public String getName()35 {36 return name;37 }38 39 public void setName(String name)40 {41 this.name = name;42 }43 44 public int getAge()45 {46 return age;47 }48 49 public void setAge(int age)50 {51 this.age = age;52 }53 54 public boolean getSex()55 {56 return sex;57 }58 59 public void setSex(boolean sex)60 {61 this.sex = sex;62 }63 64 public Date getBirthday()65 {66 return birthday;67 }68 69 public void setBirthday(Date birthday)70 {71 this.birthday = birthday;72 }73 74 } 1 public class Book 2 { 3 private int bookId; 4 private String name; 5 private String author; 6 private float price; 7 private String isbn; 8 private String pubName; 9 private byte[] preface;10 11 public Book()12 {13 }14 15 public Book(int bookId, String name, String author, float price,16 String isbn, String pubName, byte[] preface)17 {18 this.bookId = bookId;19 this.name = name;20 this.author = author;21 this.price = price;22 this.isbn = isbn;23 this.pubName = pubName;24 this.preface = preface;25 }26 27 public int getBookId()28 {29 return bookId;30 }31 32 public void setBookId(int bookId)33 {34 this.bookId = bookId;35 }36 37 public String getName()38 {39 return name;40 }41 42 public void setName(String name)43 {44 this.name = name;45 }46 47 public String getAuthor()48 {49 return author;50 }51 52 public void setAuthor(String author)53 {54 this.author = author;55 }56 57 public float getPrice()58 {59 return price;60 }61 62 public void setPrice(float price)63 {64 this.price = price;65 }66 67 public String getIsbn()68 {69 return isbn;70 }71 72 public void setIsbn(String isbn)73 {74 this.isbn = isbn;75 }76 77 public String getPubName()78 {79 return pubName;80 }81 82 public void setPubName(String pubName)83 {84 this.pubName = pubName;85 }86 87 public byte[] getPreface()88 {89 return preface;90 }91 92 public void setPreface(byte[] preface)93 {94 this.preface = preface;95 }96 }上面这两个类一目了然，就是两个简单的javabean风格的类。再看下面真正的重点类：
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Collection;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFComment;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFPatriarch;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;/** * 利用开源组件POI3.0.2动态导出EXCEL文档 转载时请保留以下信息，注明出处！ * * @author leno * @version v1.0 * @param <T> * 应用泛型，代表任意一个符合javabean风格的类 * 注意这里为了简单起见，boolean型的属性xxx的get器方式为getXxx(),而不是isXxx() * byte[]表jpg格式的图片数据 */public class ExportExcel<T>{ public void exportExcel(Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) { exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd"); } public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) { exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd"); } public void exportExcel(String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) { exportExcel("测试POI导出EXCEL文档", headers, dataset, out, pattern); } /** * 这是一个通用的方法，利用了JAVA的反射机制，可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上 * * @param title * 表格标题名 * @param headers * 表格属性列名数组 * @param dataset * 需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的 * javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据) * @param out * 与输出设备关联的流对象，可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中 * @param pattern * 如果有时间数据，设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd" */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) { // 声明一个工作薄 HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); // 生成一个表格 HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title); // 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节 sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15); // 生成一个样式 HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); // 设置这些样式 style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 生成一个字体 HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont(); font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index); font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12); font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); // 把字体应用到当前的样式 style.setFont(font); // 生成并设置另一个样式 HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle(); style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index); style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER); // 生成另一个字体 HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont(); font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL); // 把字体应用到当前的样式 style2.setFont(font2); // 声明一个画图的顶级管理器 HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch(); // 定义注释的大小和位置,详见文档 HSSFComment comment = patriarch.createComment(new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, (short) 4, 2, (short) 6, 5)); // 设置注释内容 comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString("可以在POI中添加注释！")); // 设置注释作者，当鼠标移动到单元格上是可以在状态栏中看到该内容. comment.setAuthor("leno"); // 产生表格标题行 HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0); for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) { HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellStyle(style); HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]); cell.setCellValue(text); } // 遍历集合数据，产生数据行 Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator(); int index = 0; while (it.hasNext()) { index++; row = sheet.createRow(index); T t = (T) it.next(); // 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值 Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) { HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellStyle(style2); Field field = fields[i]; String fieldName = field.getName(); String getMethodName = "get" + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + fieldName.substring(1); try { Class tCls = t.getClass(); Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName, new Class[] {}); Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {}); // 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换 String textValue = null; // if (value instanceof Integer) { // int intValue = (Integer) value; // cell.setCellValue(intValue); // } else if (value instanceof Float) { // float fValue = (Float) value; // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString( // String.valueOf(fValue)); // cell.setCellValue(textValue); // } else if (value instanceof Double) { // double dValue = (Double) value; // textValue = new HSSFRichTextString( // String.valueOf(dValue)); // cell.setCellValue(textValue); // } else if (value instanceof Long) { // long longValue = (Long) value; // cell.setCellValue(longValue); // } if (value instanceof Boolean) { boolean bValue = (Boolean) value; textValue = "男"; if (!bValue) { textValue = "女"; } } else if (value instanceof Date) { Date date = (Date) value; SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern); textValue = sdf.format(date); } else if (value instanceof byte[]) { // 有图片时，设置行高为60px; row.setHeightInPoints(60); // 设置图片所在列宽度为80px,注意这里单位的一个换算 sheet.setColumnWidth(i, (short) (35.7 * 80)); // sheet.autoSizeColumn(i); byte[] bsValue = (byte[]) value; HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 1023, 255, (short) 6, index, (short) 6, index); anchor.setAnchorType(2); patriarch.createPicture(anchor, workbook.addPicture( bsValue, HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG)); } else { // 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理 textValue = value.toString(); } // 如果不是图片数据，就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成 if (textValue != null) { Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$"); Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue); if (matcher.matches()) { // 是数字当作double处理 cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue)); } else { HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString( textValue); HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont(); font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index); richString.applyFont(font3); cell.setCellValue(richString); } } } catch (SecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalaccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { // 清理资源 } } } try { workbook.write(out); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { // 测试学生 ExportExcel<Student> ex = new ExportExcel<Student>(); String[] headers = { "学号", "姓名", "年龄", "性别", "出生日期" }; List<Student> dataset = new ArrayList<Student>(); dataset.add(new Student(10000001, "张三", 20, true, new Date())); dataset.add(new Student(20000002, "李四", 24, false, new Date())); dataset.add(new Student(30000003, "王五", 22, true, new Date())); // 测试图书 ExportExcel<Book> ex2 = new ExportExcel<Book>(); String[] headers2 = { "图书编号", "图书名称", "图书作者", "图书价格", "图书ISBN", "图书出版社", "封面图片" }; List<Book> dataset2 = new ArrayList<Book>(); try { BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream("V://book.bmp")); byte[] buf = new byte[bis.available()]; while ((bis.read(buf)) != -1) { // } dataset2.add(new Book(1, "jsp", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567", "清华出版社", buf)); dataset2.add(new Book(2, "java编程思想", "brucl", 300.33f, "1234567", "阳光出版社", buf)); dataset2.add(new Book(3, "DOM艺术", "lenotang", 300.33f, "1234567", "清华出版社", buf)); dataset2.add(new Book(4, "c++经典", "leno", 400.33f, "1234567", "清华出版社", buf)); dataset2.add(new Book(5, "c#入门", "leno", 300.33f, "1234567", "汤春秀出版社", buf)); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("E://a.xls"); OutputStream out2 = new FileOutputStream("E://b.xls"); ex.exportExcel(headers, dataset, out); ex2.exportExcel(headers2, dataset2, out2); out.close(); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "导出成功!"); System.out.println("excel导出成功！"); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}
写完之后，如果您不是用eclipse工具生成的Servlet,千万别忘了在web.xml上注册这个Servelt。而且同样的，拷贝一张小巧的图书图片命名为book.jpg放置到当前WEB根目录的/WEB-INF/下。部署好web工程，用浏览器访问Servlet看下效果吧！是不是下载成功了。呵呵，您可以将下载到本地的excel报表用打印机打印出来，这样您就大功告成了。完事了我们就思考：我们发现，我们做的方法，不管是本地调用，还是在WEB服务器端用Servlet调用；不管是输出学生列表，还是图书列表信息，代码都几乎一样，而且这些数据我们很容器结合后台的DAO操作数据库动态获取。恩，类和方法的通用性和灵活性开始有点感觉了。好啦，祝您学习愉快！
简单版 无excel格式样式设置 及excel下载
1 package com.howbuy.uaa.utils; 2 3 import java.io.BufferedInputStream; 4 import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; 5 import java.io.File; 6 import java.io.FileInputStream; 7 import java.io.IOException; 8 import java.io.InputStream; 9 import java.io.OutputStream; 10 import java.lang.reflect.Field; 11 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; 12 import java.lang.reflect.Method; 13 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; 14 import java.util.Collection; 15 import java.util.Date; 16 import java.util.Iterator; 17 import java.util.regex.Matcher; 18 import java.util.regex.Pattern; 19 20 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 21 22 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell; 23 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle; 24 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont; 25 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString; 26 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow; 27 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet; 28 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook; 29 30 31 public class ExportExcel<T> { 32 public void exportExcel(String title,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out) { 33 exportExcel(title, null, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd"); 34 } 35 36 public void exportExcel(String title,String[] headers, Collection<T> dataset, 37 OutputStream out) { 38 exportExcel(title, headers, dataset, out, "yyyy-MM-dd"); 39 } 40 41 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 42 public void exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset, OutputStream out, String pattern) { 43 // 声明一个工作薄 44 HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); 45 // 生成一个表格 46 HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title); 47 // 设置表格默认列宽度为15个字节 48 sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15); 49 // 生成一个样式 50 HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); 51 // 生成一个字体 52 HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont(); 53 font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12); 54 // 把字体应用到当前的样式 55 style.setFont(font); 56 // 产生表格标题行 57 HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0); 58 for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++) { 59 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); 60 cell.setCellStyle(style); 61 HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]); 62 cell.setCellValue(text); 63 } 64 // 遍历集合数据，产生数据行 65 Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator(); 66 int index = 0; 67 while (it.hasNext()) { 68 index++; 69 row = sheet.createRow(index); 70 T t = (T) it.next(); 71 // 利用反射，根据javabean属性的先后顺序，动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值 72 Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); 73 for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) { 74 HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); 75 cell.setCellStyle(style); 76 Field field = fields[i]; 77 String fieldName = field.getName(); 78 String getMethodName = "get" 79 + fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() 80 + fieldName.substring(1); 81 try { 82 Class tCls = t.getClass(); 83 Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName, 84 new Class[] {}); 85 Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {}); 86 // 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换 87 String textValue = null; 88 if (value instanceof Integer) { 89 int intValue = (Integer) value; 90 cell.setCellValue(intValue); 91 } 92 else if (value instanceof Long) { 93 long longValue = (Long) value; 94 cell.setCellValue(longValue); 95 } 96 else if (value instanceof Boolean) { 97 boolean bValue = (Boolean) value; 98 textValue = "1"; 99 if (!bValue) {100 textValue = "0";101 }102 } else if (value instanceof Date) {103 Date date = (Date) value;104 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);105 textValue = sdf.format(date);106 } else {107 // 其它数据类型都当作字符串简单处理108 if(value == null)109 {110 textValue = "";111 }112 else {113 textValue = value.toString();114 }115 116 }117 118 if (textValue != null) {119 Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$");120 Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue);121 if (matcher.matches()) {122 // 是数字当作double处理123 cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue));124 } else {125 HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(126 textValue);127 richString.applyFont(font);128 cell.setCellValue(richString);129 }130 }131 } catch (SecurityException e) {132 e.printStackTrace();133 } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {134 e.printStackTrace();135 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {136 e.printStackTrace();137 } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {138 e.printStackTrace();139 } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {140 e.printStackTrace();141 } finally {142 // 清理资源143 }144 }145 146 }147 try {148 workbook.write(out);149 } catch (IOException e) {150 e.printStackTrace();151 }152 }153 154 public void downloadExcel(String path, HttpServletResponse response) {155 try {156 // path是指欲下载的文件的路径。157 File file = new File(path);158 String name = file.getName();159 // 取得文件名。160 String filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(name,"utf-8");161 // 清空response162 response.reset();163 // 设置response的Header164 response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="165 + new String(filename.getBytes()));166 response.addHeader("Content-Length", "" + file.length());167 OutputStream toClient = new BufferedOutputStream(168 response.getOutputStream());169 response.setContentType("application/ms-excel;charset=gb2312");170 // 以流的形式下载文件。171 InputStream fis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));172 byte[] buffer = new byte[fis.available()];173 fis.read(buffer);174 fis.close();175 toClient.write(buffer);176 toClient.flush();177 toClient.close();178 } catch (IOException ex) {179 ex.printStackTrace();180 }181 }182 }新闻热点
疑难解答
