字符串、字符、字节以及bit位小结与疑问

字符串是由一个个字符组成的，每个字符又有一个或多个字节来表示，每个字节又由8个bit位来表示

在C#里 字符串通常由string来声明，字符由char来声明，字节由byte来表示，位由bit来表示，具体分析见下面的测试代码分析：

完整测试代码：

 1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Linq; 4 using System.Linq.ExPRessions; 5 using System.Text; 6 using System.Threading.Tasks; 7 using System.IO; 8 namespace CSharpRumenJD 9 {10     class Program11     {12         static void Main(string[] args)13         {14 15             string unicodestr = "啊?/123";16             Console.WriteLine("字符串：" + unicodestr);17             Console.WriteLine("字符长度：" + unicodestr.Length);18             Console.WriteLine("Unicode字节长度：" + System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetByteCount(unicodestr));19             var unicodebytes = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(unicodestr);20             Console.WriteLine("gb2312字节长度：" + Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetByteCount(unicodestr));21             var gb2312bytes = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(unicodestr);22             #region 乱码测试23             var gb2312tounidecodestr = System.Text.Encoding.Unicode.GetString(gb2312bytes);24             Console.WriteLine("gb2312bytes转化成Unicode字符串：" + gb2312tounidecodestr);25             var gb2312str = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetString(gb2312bytes);26             Console.WriteLine("gb2312bytes字符串：" + gb2312str);27             #endregion28             #region 打印二进制数据29             int capacity = gb2312bytes.Length * 8;30             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(capacity);31             for (int i = 0; i < gb2312bytes.Length; i++)32             {33                 sb.Append(gb2312bytes[i] + ":" + Convert.ToString(gb2312bytes[i], 2).PadLeft(8, '0') + "|");34             }35             Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString().TrimEnd('|'));36             #endregion37             StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter("1.txt", false, System.Text.Encoding.Unicode);38             sw.Write(unicodestr);39             sw.Close();40             StreamWriter sw1 = new StreamWriter("2.txt", false, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));41             sw1.Write(unicodestr);42             sw1.Close();43             Console.ReadKey();44         }45     }46 }

测试结果：

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