Python多线程爬取豆瓣影评API接口

from datetime import datetimeimport randomimport csvfrom concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completedfrom lxml import etreeimport pymysqlimport requestsfrom models import create_session, Comments#随机UAUSERAGENT = [  'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/14.0.835.163 Safari/535.1',  'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.103 Safari/537.36',  'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:6.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/6.0',  'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50',  'Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; zh-cn) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.50',  'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; ) AppleWebKit/534.12 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/3.0 Safari/534.12']class CommentFetcher:  headers = {'User-Agent': ''}  cookie = ''  cookies = {'cookie': cookie}  # cookie为登录后的cookie，需要自行复制  base_node = '//div[@class="comment-item"]'  def __init__(self, movie_id, start, type=''):    '''    :type: 全部评论：''， 好评：h 中评：m 差评：l    :movie_id: 影片的ID号    :start: 开始的记录数，0-480    '''    self.movie_id = movie_id    self.start = start    self.type = type    self.url = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/{id}/comments?start={start}&limit=20&sort=new_score/&status=P&percent_type={type}&comments_only=1'.format(      id=str(self.movie_id),      start=str(self.start),      type=self.type    )    #创建数据库连接    self.session = create_session()  #随机useragent  def _random_UA(self):    self.headers['User-Agent'] = random.choice(USERAGENT)  #获取api接口，使用get方法，返回的数据为json数据，需要提取里面的HTML  def _get(self):    self._random_UA()    res = ''    try:      res = requests.get(self.url, cookies=self.cookies, headers=self.headers)      res = res.json()['html']    except Exception as e:      print('IP被封，请使用代理IP')    print('正在获取{} 开始的记录'.format(self.start))    return res  def _parse(self):    res = self._get()    dom = etree.HTML(res)    #id号    self.id = dom.xpath(self.base_node + '/@data-cid')    #用户名    self.username = dom.xpath(self.base_node + '/div[@class="avatar"]/a/@title')    #用户连接    self.user_center = dom.xpath(self.base_node + '/div[@class="avatar"]/a/@href')    #点赞数    self.vote = dom.xpath(self.base_node + '//span[@class="votes"]/text()')    #星级    self.star = dom.xpath(self.base_node + '//span[contains(@class,"rating")]/@title')    #发表时间    self.time = dom.xpath(self.base_node + '//span[@class="comment-time "]/@title')    #评论内容 所有span标签class名为short的节点文本    self.content = dom.xpath(self.base_node + '//span[@class="short"]/text()')  #保存到数据库  def save_to_database(self):    self._parse()    for i in range(len(self.id)):      try:        comment = Comments(          id=int(self.id[i]),          username=self.username[i],          user_center=self.user_center[i],          vote=int(self.vote[i]),          star=self.star[i],          time=datetime.strptime(self.time[i], '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'),          content=self.content[i]        )        self.session.add(comment)        self.session.commit()        return 'finish'      except pymysql.err.IntegrityError as e:        print('数据重复，不做任何处理')      except Exception as e:        #数据添加错误，回滚        self.session.rollback()      finally:        #关闭数据库连接        self.session.close()  #保存到csv  def save_to_csv(self):    self._parse()    f = open('comment.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8')    csv_in = csv.writer(f, dialect='excel')    for i in range(len(self.id)):      csv_in.writerow([        int(self.id[i]),        self.username[i],        self.user_center[i],        int(self.vote[i]),        self.time[i],        self.content[i]      ])    f.close()if __name__ == '__main__':  with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=4) as executor:    futures = []    for i in ['', 'h', 'm', 'l']:      for j in range(25):        fetcher = CommentFetcher(movie_id=26266893, start=j * 20, type=i)        futures.append(executor.submit(fetcher.save_to_csv))    for f in as_completed(futures):      try:        res = f.done()        if res:          ret_data = f.result()          if ret_data == 'finish':            print('{} 成功保存数据'.format(str(f)))      except Exception as e:        f.cancel()