Python目录和文件处理总结详解

import os#获取当前目录路径： E:/Work/Projects/pythonprint(os.getcwd()) #判断当前目录是否存在，不存在则创建目录dir1if not os.path.isdir('dir1'):  os.mkdir('dir1') #判断指定目录是否存在，不存在则创建目录dir22if not os.path.isdir('E:/Work/Projects/python/dir22'):  os.mkdir('E:/Work/Projects/python/dir22') #判断当前目录的指定文件是否存在print(os.path.isfile('file1.txt'))#重命名目录dir22为dir2（rename也可用于文件）os.rename('dir22', 'dir2')#切换到目录dir2os.chdir('dir2')#切换到目录dir2后获取当前目录路径： E:/Work/Projects/python/dir2print(os.getcwd())

│ 1.txt│ 2.txt│ test1.py│├─dir1│ dir1_1.txt│ dir1_2.txt│└─dir2

import ospath = os.getcwd()for filename in os.listdir(path):  print(os.path.join(path,filename))'''运行结果：E:/Work/Projects/python/1.txtE:/Work/Projects/python/2.txtE:/Work/Projects/python/dir1E:/Work/Projects/python/dir2E:/Work/Projects/python/test1.py'''

import ospath = os.getcwd()#walk产生3元组：目录路径，目录名称，文件名for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(path):  print("dirpath:{};dirnames:{};filenames:{}".format(dirpath,dirnames,filenames))'''运行结果：dirpath:E:/Work/Projects/python;dirnames:['dir1', 'dir2'];filenames:['1.txt', '2.txt', 'test1.py']dirpath:E:/Work/Projects/python/dir1;dirnames:[];filenames:['dir1_1.txt', 'dir1_2.txt']dirpath:E:/Work/Projects/python/dir2;dirnames:[];filenames:[]'''for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(path):  #输出所有文件  for filename in filenames:    print(os.path.join(dirpath, filename))  #输出所有目录  for dirname in dirnames:    print(os.path.join(dirpath, dirname))'''运行结果：E:/Work/Projects/python/1.txtE:/Work/Projects/python/2.txtE:/Work/Projects/python/test1.pyE:/Work/Projects/python/dir1E:/Work/Projects/python/dir2E:/Work/Projects/python/dir1/dir1_1.txtE:/Work/Projects/python/dir1/dir1_2.txt'''

import osimport timefilepath = r'E:/Work/Projects/python/1.txt'#分割路径，返回一个元组(目录,文件名)，结果：('E://Work//Projects//python', '1.txt')print(os.path.split(filepath))#返回目录部分，结果：E:/Work/Projects/pythonprint(os.path.dirname(filepath))#返回文件名，结果：1.txtprint(os.path.basename(filepath))#返回文件大小（单位为字节），结果：1296 print(os.path.getsize(filepath))#返回目录或文件的创建时间、最后修改时间、最后访问时间（单位为新纪元1970年1月1日到访问时的秒数）ctime = os.path.getctime(filepath)mtime = os.path.getmtime(filepath)atime = os.path.getatime(filepath)#结果例子：1566436201.5443518 1566439077.5319004 1566439099.905073print(ctime, mtime, atime)#Unix时间戳转换成时间def unix2time(unix):  time_local = time.localtime(unix)  dt = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time_local)  return dt#将Unix时间戳转换成时间#结果例子：2019-08-22 09:10:01 2019-08-22 09:57:57 2019-08-22 09:58:19print(unix2time(ctime),unix2time(mtime),unix2time(atime))

│ 1.txt│ 2.txt│ test1.py│├─dir1│ dir1_1.txt│ dir1_2.txt│└─dir2

import shutil#拷贝整个目录shutil.copytree('dir1','dir1_bak')#拷贝单个文件，第2个参数可以是目录，也可以是文件名shutil.copy('1.txt', 'dir2/1_bak.txt')shutil.copy('2.txt', 'dir2')#移动目录或文件shutil.move('dir1', 'dir2')shutil.move('1.txt', 'dir2')#删除整个目录shutil.rmtree('dir1_bak')