用pycharm开发django项目示例代码

2019-11-25 12:45:47

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在pycharm（企业版）中新建Django工程，注意使用虚拟环境

创建成功后，在pycharm显示的工程目录结构如下：

打开pycharm的Terminal，进入该工程的目录新建一个django工程

python3 manage.py startapp django_web

执行成功后，工程目录结构如下：

修改settings.py文件，注册该工程

Django的开发遵循MTV模式（models, templates, views），views.py负责执行操作，models.py负责数据处理（如数据库连接），templates目录下存放网页的模板

首先在templates下新建一个index.html文件，并把以下内容替换到该文件中

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>The blah</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=" new_blah.css" rel="external nofollow" ></head><body><div class="header"> <img src="images/blah.png"> <ul class="nav">  <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Home</a></li>  <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Site</a></li>  <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Other</a></li> </ul></div><div class="main-content"> <h2>Article</h2> <ul class="article">  <li>   <img src="images/0001.jpg" width="100" height="90">   <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>   <p>This is a dangerously delicious cake.</p>  </li>  <li>   <img src="images/0002.jpg" width="100" height="90">   <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>   <p>It's always taco night somewhere!</p>  </li>  <li>   <img src="images/0003.jpg" width="100" height="90">   <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>   <p>Omelette you in on a little secret </p>  </li>  <li>   <img src="images/0004.jpg" width="100" height="90">   <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>   <p>It's a sandwich. That's all we .</p>  </li> </ul></div><div class="footer"> <p>© Mugglecoding</p></div></body></html><--!http://css3gen.com/box-shadow/-->

首先编写views.py文件，定义访问这个index.html文件的操作

def index(request):   return render(request, 'index.html')

编写urls.py文件，定义访问这个index.html的url路径（使用正则表达式）

from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from django_web.views import index #导入views.py文件中的index函数 urlpatterns = [  url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),  url(r'^index/', index), #在url中凡是以url开头的访问都使用index函数来处理该请求 ]

在pycharm的Terminal中输入命令运行服务器：

python3 manager.py runserver

在浏览器中输入url：http://127.0.0.1:8000/index/ 可以看到如下的格式，接下来要做的就是添加资源

将css文件（css文件的内容在最后）和图片（随意找几张图片，更名为如下所示即可）都复制到env5工程下的一个名为static的文件，工程结构如下：

注意：一定要保证与templates目录同级

修改index.html如下

{% load static %}<html><head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static 'css/new_blah.css' %}" rel="external nofollow" ></head><body><div class="header"> <img src="{% static 'images/blah.png' %}"> <ul class="nav">  <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Home</a></li>  <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Site</a></li>  <li><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >Other</a></li> </ul></div><div class="main-content"> <h2>Article</h2> <ul class="articles">  <li>   <img src="{% static 'images/0001.jpg' %}" width="100" height="91">   <div class="article-info">    <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>    <p class="meta-info">     <span class="meta-cate">fun</span>     <span class="meta-cate">Wow</span>    </p>    <p class="description">Just say something.</p>   </div>   <div class="rate">    <span class="rate-score">4.5</span>   </div>  </li>  <li>   <img src="{% static 'images/0002.jpg' %}" width="100" height="91">   <div class="article-info">    <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>    <p class="meta-info">     <span class="meta-cate">butt</span>     <span class="meta-cate">NSFW</span>    </p>    <p class="description">Just say something.</p>   </div>   <div class="rate">    <img src="{% static 'images/Fire.png' %}" width="18" height="18">    <span class="rate-score">5.0</span>   </div>  </li>  <li>   <img src="{% static 'images/0003.jpg' %}" width="100" height="91">   <div class="article-info">    <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>    <p class="meta-info">     <span class="meta-cate">sea</span>    </p>    <p class="description">Just say something.</p>   </div>   <div class="rate">    <span class="rate-score">3.5</span>   </div>  </li>  <li>   <img src="{% static 'images/0004.jpg' %}" width="100" height="91">   <div class="article-info">    <h3><a href="#" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >The blah</a></h3>    <p class="meta-info">     <span class="meta-cate">bay</span>     <span class="meta-cate">boat</span>     <span class="meta-cate">beach</span>    </p>    <p class="description">Just say something.</p>   </div>   <div class="rate">    <span class="rate-score">3.0</span>   </div>  </li> </ul></div><div class="footer"> <p>© Mugglecoding</p></div></body></html>

在settings.py文件的最后增加如下配置

STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),)

再次打开浏览器就可以看到正常的显示

css文件

body { padding: 0 0 0 0; background-color: #ffffff; background-image: url(../images/bg3-dark.jpg); background-position: top left; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;}.main-content { width: 500px; padding: 20px 20px 20px 20px; border: 1px solid #dddddd; border-radius:15px; margin: 30px auto 0 auto; background: #fdffff; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 22px 0 rgba(50, 50, 50, 1); -moz-box-shadow: 0 0 22px 0 rgba(50, 50, 50, 1); box-shadow:   0 0 22px 0 rgba(50, 50, 50, 1);}.main-content p { line-height: 26px;}.main-content h2 { color: #585858;}.articles { list-style-type: none; padding: 0;}.articles img { float: left; padding-right: 11px;}.articles li { border-top: 1px solid #F1F1F1; background-color: #ffffff; height: 90px; clear: both;}.articles h3 { margin: 0;}.articles a { color:#585858; text-decoration: none;}.articles p { margin: 0;}.article-info { float: left; display: inline-block; margin: 8px 0 8px 0;}.rate { float: right; display: inline-block; margin:35px 20px 35px 20px;}.rate-score { font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; color: #585858;}.rate-score-hot {}.meta-info {}.meta-cate { margin: 0 0.1em; padding: 0.1em 0.7em; color: #fff; background: #37a5f0; font-size: 20%; border-radius: 10px ;}.description { color: #cccccc;}.nav { padding-left: 0; margin: 5px 0 20px 0; text-align: center;}.nav li { display: inline; padding-right: 10px;}.nav li:last-child { padding-right: 0;}.header { padding: 10px 10px 10px 10px;}.header a { color: #ffffff;}.header img { display: block; margin: 0 auto 0 auto;}.header h1 { text-align: center;}.footer { margin-top: 20px;}.footer p { color: #aaaaaa; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12px; font-style: italic; text-transform: uppercase;}

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