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Spark学习笔记之Spark SQL的具体使用

2019-11-26 08:54:49
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1. Spark SQL是什么?

  • 处理结构化数据的一个spark的模块
  • 它提供了一个编程抽象叫做DataFrame并且作为分布式SQL查询引擎的作用

2. Spark SQL的特点

  • 多语言的接口支持(java python scala)
  • 统一的数据访问
  • 完全兼容hive
  • 支持标准的连接

3. 为什么学习SparkSQL?

我们已经学习了Hive,它是将Hive SQL转换成MapReduce然后提交到集群上执行,大大简化了编写MapReduce的程序的复杂性,由于MapReduce这种计算模型执行效率比较慢。所有Spark SQL的应运而生,它是将Spark SQL转换成RDD,然后提交到集群执行,执行效率非常快!

4. DataFrame(数据框)

  • 与RDD类似,DataFrame也是一个分布式数据容器
  • 然而DataFrame更像传统数据库的二维表格,除了数据以外,还记录数据的结构信息,即schema
  • DataFrame其实就是带有schema信息的RDD

5. SparkSQL1.x的API编程

<dependency>  <groupId>org.apache.spark</groupId>  <artifactId>spark-sql_2.11</artifactId>  <version>${spark.version}</version></dependency>

5.1 使用sqlContext创建DataFrame(测试用)

object Ops3 {  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {    val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops3").setMaster("local[3]")    val sc = new SparkContext(conf)    val sqlContext = new SQLContext(sc)    val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(List(Person("admin1", 14, "man"),Person("admin2", 16, "man"),Person("admin3", 18, "man")))    val df1: DataFrame = sqlContext.createDataFrame(rdd1)    df1.show(1)  }}case class Person(name: String, age: Int, sex: String);

5.2 使用sqlContxet中提供的隐式转换函数(测试用)

import org.apache.sparkval conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops3").setMaster("local[3]")val sc = new SparkContext(conf)val sqlContext = new SQLContext(sc)val rdd1 = sc.parallelize(List(Person("admin1", 14, "man"), Person("admin2", 16, "man"), Person("admin3", 18, "man")))import sqlContext.implicits._val df1: DataFrame = rdd1.toDFdf1.show()5.3 使用SqlContext创建DataFrame(常用)val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops3").setMaster("local[3]")val sc = new SparkContext(conf)val sqlContext = new SQLContext(sc)val linesRDD: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("hdfs://uplooking02:8020/sparktest/")val schema = StructType(List(StructField("name", StringType), StructField("age", IntegerType), StructField("sex", StringType)))val rowRDD: RDD[Row] = linesRDD.map(line => { val lineSplit: Array[String] = line.split(",") Row(lineSplit(0), lineSplit(1).toInt, lineSplit(2))})val rowDF: DataFrame = sqlContext.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema)rowDF.show()

6. 使用新版本的2.x的API

val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops5") setMaster ("local[3]")val sparkSession: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf).getOrCreate()val sc = sparkSession.sparkContextval linesRDD: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("hdfs://uplooking02:8020/sparktest/")//数据清洗val rowRDD: RDD[Row] = linesRDD.map(line => {  val splits: Array[String] = line.split(",")  Row(splits(0), splits(1).toInt, splits(2))})val schema = StructType(List(StructField("name", StringType), StructField("age", IntegerType), StructField("sex", StringType)))val df: DataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema)df.createOrReplaceTempView("p1")val df2 = sparkSession.sql("select * from p1")df2.show()

7. 操作SparkSQL的方式

7.1 使用SQL语句的方式对DataFrame进行操作

val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops5") setMaster ("local[3]")val sparkSession: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf).getOrCreate()//Spark2.x新的API相当于Spark1.x的SQLContextval sc = sparkSession.sparkContextval linesRDD: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("hdfs://uplooking02:8020/sparktest/")//数据清洗val rowRDD: RDD[Row] = linesRDD.map(line => {  val splits: Array[String] = line.split(",")  Row(splits(0), splits(1).toInt, splits(2))})val schema = StructType(List(StructField("name", StringType), StructField("age", IntegerType), StructField("sex", StringType)))val df: DataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema)df.createOrReplaceTempView("p1")//这是Sprk2.x新的API 相当于Spark1.x的registTempTable()val df2 = sparkSession.sql("select * from p1")df2.show()

7.2 使用DSL语句的方式对DataFrame进行操作

DSL(domain specific language ) 特定领域语言val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops5") setMaster ("local[3]")val sparkSession: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf).getOrCreate()val sc = sparkSession.sparkContextval linesRDD: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("hdfs://uplooking02:8020/sparktest/")//数据清洗val rowRDD: RDD[Row] = linesRDD.map(line => {  val splits: Array[String] = line.split(",")  Row(splits(0), splits(1).toInt, splits(2))})val schema = StructType(List(StructField("name", StringType), StructField("age", IntegerType), StructField("sex", StringType)))val rowDF: DataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema)import sparkSession.implicits._val df: DataFrame = rowDF.select("name", "age").where("age>10").orderBy($"age".desc)df.show()

8. SparkSQL的输出

8.1 写出到JSON文件

val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops5") setMaster ("local[3]")val sparkSession: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf).getOrCreate()val sc = sparkSession.sparkContextval linesRDD: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("hdfs://uplooking02:8020/sparktest")//数据清洗val rowRDD: RDD[Row] = linesRDD.map(line => {  val splits: Array[String] = line.split(",")  Row(splits(0), splits(1).toInt, splits(2))})val schema = StructType(List(StructField("name", StringType), StructField("age", IntegerType), StructField("sex", StringType)))val rowDF: DataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema)import sparkSession.implicits._val df: DataFrame = rowDF.select("name", "age").where("age>10").orderBy($"age".desc)df.write.json("hdfs://uplooking02:8020/sparktest1")

8.2 写出到关系型数据库(mysql)

val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Ops5") setMaster ("local[3]")val sparkSession: SparkSession = SparkSession.builder().config(conf).getOrCreate()val sc = sparkSession.sparkContextval linesRDD: RDD[String] = sc.textFile("hdfs://uplooking02:8020/sparktest")//数据清洗val rowRDD: RDD[Row] = linesRDD.map(line => {  val splits: Array[String] = line.split(",")  Row(splits(0), splits(1).toInt, splits(2))})val schema = StructType(List(StructField("name", StringType), StructField("age", IntegerType), StructField("sex", StringType)))val rowDF: DataFrame = sparkSession.createDataFrame(rowRDD, schema)import sparkSession.implicits._val df: DataFrame = rowDF.select("name", "age").where("age>10").orderBy($"age".desc)val url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"//表会自动创建val tbName = "person1";val prop = new Properties()prop.put("user", "root")prop.put("password", "root")//SaveMode 默认为ErrorIfExistsdf.write.mode(SaveMode.Append).jdbc(url, tbName, prop)

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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