Spring+SpringMVC+Hibernate项目环境搭建的步骤(图文)

2019-11-26 09:02:31

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来源：转载

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工具篇：Intellij Idea+maven+Spring+SpringMVC
Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建

一、SpringMVC环境搭建

1、创建新项目

(1)、第一步是创建一个由Maven原型的项目，根据图片上的步骤一次选择Maven―>create from archetype―->maven-archtype-webapp

(2)、第二步是填写GroupId 和ArtifactId

(3)、在位置1处选择我们maven安装的目录，在位置2处选择settings.xml的路径(我只是设置了一次之后就是默认的了)

(4)、设置项目名和项目的位置

到这里项目就创建成功了

2、添加Maven中项目所需要的Jar包

在pom.xml中添加项目SpringMVC所依赖的Jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zbt</groupId> <artifactId>enviroment</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>enviroment Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aspects --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-expression --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-jdbc --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-orm --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-tx --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>  <version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!--servlet相关的Jar包--> <dependency>  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>  <version>3.1.0</version>  <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>  <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>taglibs</groupId>  <artifactId>standard</artifactId>  <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>enviroment</finalName> </build></project>

3、配置web.xml文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC  "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"  "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" ><web-app version="2.4"   xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <!--设置我们的url都会交给DispatcherServlet--> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <!--Tomcat 启动时就会初始化DispatcherServlet--> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping></web-app>

5、配置spring-mvc.xml文件

在resources文件夹下新建一个spring-mvc.xml。spring-mvc.xml文件的功能是什么？

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!--启用spring的一些annotation--> <context:annotation-config/> <!--自动扫描com.zbt.controller--> <context:component-scan base-package="zbt.com.controller"/> <!--配置注解驱动可以将request参数绑定到controller参数上--> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean></beans>

6、编写Controller类

package controller;import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controller@RequestMapping("/student")public class StudentController { private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class); @RequestMapping("/hello") public String sayHi(){  logger.info("sayHi are called!");  return "hello"; }}

在WEB-INF/jsp文件夹下创建测试的hello.jsp

<html><body> <h2>Hello World!</h2></body></html>

启动服务器，在浏览器中输入

http://localhost:8088/student/hello.do

显示结果为

注意事项

(1)、url-pattern最好配置成下面的形式

<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

而不是下面这种形式

<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

配置成第二种模式会出现下面的情况

27-Jun-2018 15:04:02.761 警告 [http-nio-8088-exec-8] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.noHandlerFound No mapping found for HTTP request with URI [/WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp] in DispatcherServlet with name 'springMVC'

网页会出现如下情况

(2)、我们的spring-mvc.xml是放在resources文件夹下面的，以后就按照这种方式编写(注意这是在Intellij idea中，在Eclipse中我不知道会不是是一样的)

<init-param>  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  <param-value>classpath:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value> </init-param>

二、Spring+SpringMVC环境搭建

编写StudentService

package com.zbt.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2. */@Servicepublic class StudentService { public String test(){  return "hello"; }}

创建applicationConfig配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx  http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd "> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt">  <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> </context:component-scan></beans>

注意Spring这里的包扫描方式为，Spring扫描包的时候会排出@Controller注解，也就是不会扫描com.zbt.controller包

<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"> <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/></context:component-scan>

修改spring-mvc.xml中的包扫描方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"> <!--启用spring的一些annotation--> <context:annotation-config/> <!--自动扫描com.zbt 而不是com.zbt.controller包--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/> <!--配置注解驱动可以将request参数绑定到controller参数上--> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">  <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>  <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>  <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property> </bean></beans>

将StudentService注入到StudentController中

package com.zbt.controller;import com.zbt.service.StudentService;import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;/** * Created by luckyboy on 2018/6/27. */@Controller@RequestMapping("/student") private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(StudentController.class); //使用Autowired将StudentService注入到StudentController中 @Autowired private StudentService stuService; @RequestMapping("/hello.do") public String sayHi(){  logger.info("sayHi are called!");  return "hello"; } @RequestMapping("/spring_hello.do") public String springSayHi(){  logger.info("sayHi are called by springSayHi");  return stuService.test(); }}

在StudentService类上面添加@Service注解

package com.zbt.service;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * Created by luckyboy on 2018/7/2. */@Servicepublic class StudentService { public String test(){  return "hello"; }}

测试

启动服务器，在浏览器地址栏输入http://localhost:8088/student/spring_hello.do，响应如下

注意事项

我们在spring-mvc.xml中的配置包扫描时，如果包扫描配置如下

<!--错误配置方式--><context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt.controller"/><!--正确配置方式<context:component-scan base-package="com.zbt"/>-->

出现的错误

org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'studentController': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'stuService'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1348) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:578) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:501) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:317) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:315) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:760) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:869) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:550) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:638) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:686) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:554) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:499) at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:172) at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.initServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1144) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1091) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:983) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4939) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5249) at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:754) at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:730) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:734) at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.manageApp(HostConfig.java:1736) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300) at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819) at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801) at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.MBeanFactory.createStandardContext(MBeanFactory.java:431) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:300) at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819) at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1468) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.access$300(RMIConnectionImpl.java:76) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl$PrivilegedOperation.run(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1309) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.doPrivilegedOperation(RMIConnectionImpl.java:1401) at javax.management.remote.rmi.RMIConnectionImpl.invoke(RMIConnectionImpl.java:829) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at sun.rmi.server.UnicastServerRef.dispatch(UnicastServerRef.java:357) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:200) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport$1.run(Transport.java:197) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at sun.rmi.transport.Transport.serviceCall(Transport.java:196) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport.handleMessages(TCPTransport.java:568) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run0(TCPTransport.java:826) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.lambda$run$0(TCPTransport.java:683) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at sun.rmi.transport.tcp.TCPTransport$ConnectionHandler.run(TCPTransport.java:682) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.zbt.service.StudentService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1509) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584) ... 67 more

会出现包无法扫描的情况，因此我们在spring-mvc.xml中应该配置成扫描所有的包

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