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Spring Boot中的那些条件判断的实现方法

2019-11-26 09:05:30
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Spring Boot中的那些Conditional

spring boot中为我们提供了丰富的Conditional来让我们得以非常方便的在项目中向容器中添加Bean。本文主要是对各个注解进行解释并辅以代码说明其用途。

所有ConditionalOnXXX的注解都可以放置在class或是method上,如果方式在class上,则会决定该class中所有的@Bean注解方法是否执行。

@Conditional

下面其他的Conditional注解均是语法糖,可以通过下面的方法自定义ConditionalOnXXX

Conditional注解定义如下,接收实现Condition接口的class数组。

public @interface Conditional {  Class<? extends Condition>[] value();}

而Condition接口只有一个matchs方法,返回是否匹配的结果。

public interface Condition {  boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata);}

通过操作系统进行条件判断,从而进行Bean配置。当Window时,实例化Bill的Person对象,当Linux时,实例化Linus的Person对象。

//LinuxCondition,为方便起见,去掉判断代码,直接返回true了public class LinuxCondition implements Condition {  @Override  public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) {    return true;  }}
//WindowsCondition,为方便起见,去掉判断代码,直接返回false了public class WindowsCondition implements Condition {  @Override  public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {    return false;  }}@Data
@ToString@AllArgsConstructor@NoArgsConstructorpublic class Person {  private String name;  private Integer age;}
//配置类@Configurationpublic class BeanConfig {  @Bean(name = "bill")  @Conditional({WindowsCondition.class})  public Person person1(){    return new Person("Bill Gates",62);  }  @Bean("linus")  @Conditional({LinuxCondition.class})  public Person person2(){    return new Person("Linus",48);  }}
public class AppTest {  AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);  @Test  public void test(){    String osName = applicationContext.getEnvironment().getProperty("os.name");    System.out.println("当前系统为:" + osName);    Map<String, Person> map = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(Person.class);    System.out.println(map);  }}

输出的结果:

当前系统为:Mac OS X
{linus=Person(name=Linus, age=48)}

@ConditionalOnBean & @ConditionalOnMissingBean

这两个注解会对Bean容器中的Bean对象进行判断,使用的例子是配置的时候,如果发现如果没有Computer实例,则实例化一个备用电脑。

@Data@AllArgsConstructor@ToStringpublic class Computer {  private String name;}
@Configurationpublic class BeanConfig {  @Bean(name = "notebookPC")  public Computer computer1(){    return new Computer("笔记本电脑");  }  @ConditionalOnMissingBean(Computer.class)  @Bean("reservePC")  public Computer computer2(){    return new Computer("备用电脑");  }}
public class TestApp {  AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);  @Test  public void test1(){    Map<String,Computer> map = applicationContext.getBeansOfType(Computer.class);    System.out.println(map);  }}

修改BeanConfig,如果注释掉第一个@Bean,会实例化备用电脑,否则就不会实例化备用电脑

@ConditionalOnClass & @ConditionalOnMissingClass

这个注解会判断类路径上是否有指定的类,一开始看到的时候比较困惑,类路径上如果没有指定的class,那编译也通过不了啊...这个主要用于集成相同功能的第三方组件时用,只要类路径上有该组件的类,就进行自动配置,比如spring boot web在自动配置视图组件时,是用Velocity,还是Thymeleaf,或是freemaker时,使用的就是这种方式。

例子是两套盔甲A(光明套装)和B(暗黑套装),如果A不在则配置B。

public interface Fighter {  void fight();}public class FighterA implements Fighter {  @Override  public void fight() {    System.out.println("使用光明套装");  }}public class FighterB implements Fighter {  @Override  public void fight() {    System.out.println("使用暗黑套装");  }}

Van是武士,使用套装进行战斗

@Data@AllArgsConstructor@NoArgsConstructorpublic class Van {  private Fighter fighter;  public void fight(){    fighter.fight();  }}

VanConfigA/B实例化武士

@Configuration@ConditionalOnClass({FighterA.class})public class VanConfigA {  @Primary  @Bean  public Van vanA(){    return new Van(new FighterA());  }}@Configuration@ConditionalOnClass({FighterB.class})public class VanConfigB {  @Bean  public Van vanB(){    return new Van(new FighterB());  }}

测试类,默认情况,如果套装AB都在类路径上,两套都会加载,A会设置为PRIMARY,如果在target class中将FightA.class删除,则只会加载套装B。

@SpringBootApplicationpublic class TestApp implements CommandLineRunner {  @Autowired  private Van van;  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(TestApp.class, args);  }  @Override  public void run(String... args) throws Exception {    //do something    van.fight();  }}

另外,尝试将两个VanConfigA/B合并,将注解ConditionalOnClass放到方法上,如果删除一个套装就会运行出错。

@ConditionalOnExpress

依据表达式进行条件判断,这个作用和@ConditionalOnProperty大部分情况可以通用,表达式更灵活一点,因为可以使用SpEL。例子中会判断properties中test.enabled的值进行判断。BeanConfig分别对布尔,字符串和数字三种类型进行判断。数字尝试了很多其他的方式均不行,比如直接使用==,貌似配置的属性都会当成字符串来处理。

@Datapublic class TestBean {  private String name;}
@Configuration@ConditionalOnExpression("#{${test.enabled:true} }")//@ConditionalOnExpression("'zz'.equalsIgnoreCase('${test.name2}')")//@ConditionalOnExpression("new Integer('${test.account}')==1")public class BeanConfig {  @Bean  public TestBean testBean(){    return new TestBean("我是美猴王");  }}
@SpringBootApplicationpublic class TestAppCommand implements CommandLineRunner {  @Autowired  private TestBean testBean;  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(TestAppCommand.class, args);  }  @Override  public void run(String... args) throws Exception {    System.out.println(testBean.getName());  }}

@ConditionalOnProperty

适合对单个Property进行条件判断,而上面的@ConditionalOnExpress适合面对较为复杂的情况,比如多个property的关联比较。这个例子也给了三种基本类型的条件判断,不过貌似均当成字符串就可以...

@Data@AllArgsConstructor@NoArgsConstructorpublic class TestBean {  private String name;}
@Configuration@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "test", name="enabled", havingValue = "true",matchIfMissing = false)//@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "test", name="account", havingValue = "1",matchIfMissing = false)//@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "test", name="name1", havingValue = "zz",matchIfMissing = false)public class BeanConfig {  @Bean  public TestBean testBean(){    return new TestBean("我是美猴王");  }}
@SpringBootApplicationpublic class TestAppCommand implements CommandLineRunner {  @Autowired  private TestBean testBean;  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(TestAppCommand.class, args);  }  @Override  public void run(String... args) throws Exception {    System.out.println(testBean.getName());  }}

@ConditionalOnJava

可以通过java的版本进行判断。

@Datapublic class TestBean {}
@Configuration@ConditionalOnJava(JavaVersion.EIGHT)public class BeanConfig {  @Bean  public TestBean testBean(){    return new TestBean();  }}
public class TestApp {  AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);  @Test  public void test(){    Map<String,TestBean> map = context.getBeansOfType(TestBean.class);    System.out.println(map);  }}

@ConditionalOnResource

通过指定的资源文件是否存在进行条件判断,比如判断ehcache.properties来决定是否自动装配ehcache组件。

@Datapublic class TestBean {}
@Configuration@ConditionalOnResource(resources = "classpath:application.yml")public class BeanConfig {  @Bean  public TestBean testBean(){    return new TestBean();  }}
public class TestApp {  AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanConfig.class);  @Test  public void test(){    Map<String,TestBean> map = context.getBeansOfType(TestBean.class);    System.out.println(map);  }}

@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate

这个还没有想到应用场景,条件通过的条件是:1 对应的bean容器中只有一个 2.对应的bean有多个,但是已经制定了PRIMARY。例子中,BeanB装配的时候需要看BeanA的装配情况,所以BeanBConfig要排在BeanAConfig之后.可以修改BeanAConfig,将@Primary注解去掉,或者把三个@Bean注解去掉,BeanB就不会实例化了。

@Data@AllArgsConstructor@NoArgsConstructorpublic class BeanA {  private String name;}
@Configurationpublic class BeanAConfig {  @Bean  @Primary  public BeanA bean1(){    return new BeanA("bean1");  }  @Bean(autowireCandidate = false)  public BeanA bean2(){    return new BeanA("bean2");  }  //@Bean(autowireCandidate = false)  public BeanA bean3(){    return new BeanA("bean3");  }}
@Datapublic class BeanB {}
@Configuration@AutoConfigureAfter(BeanAConfig.class)@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(BeanA.class)public class BeanBConfig {  @Bean  public BeanB targetBean(){    return new BeanB();  }}
public class TestApp {  AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(BeanAConfig.class, BeanBConfig.class);  @Test  public void test(){    Map<String,BeanA> map = context.getBeansOfType(BeanA.class);    System.out.println(map);    Map<String,BeanB> map2 = context.getBeansOfType(BeanB.class);    System.out.println(map2);  }}

@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication & @ConditionalOnWebApplication

判断当前环境是否是Web应用。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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