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使用ehcache三步搞定springboot缓存的方法示例

2019-11-26 09:06:46
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本次内容主要介绍基于Ehcache 3.0来快速实现Spring Boot应用程序的数据缓存功能。在Spring Boot应用程序中,我们可以通过Spring Caching来快速搞定数据缓存。接下来我们将介绍如何在三步之内搞定Spring Boot缓存。

1. 创建一个Spring Boot工程并添加Maven依赖

你所创建的Spring Boot应用程序的maven依赖文件至少应该是下面的样子:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ramostear</groupId> <artifactId>cache</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>cache</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>  <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>  <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>  <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency>  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins>  <plugin>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>  </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>

依赖说明:

  • spring-boot-starter-cache为Spring Boot应用程序提供缓存支持
  • ehcache提供了Ehcache的缓存实现
  • cache-api 提供了基于JSR-107的缓存规范

2. 配置Ehcache缓存

现在,需要告诉Spring Boot去哪里找缓存配置文件,这需要在Spring Boot配置文件中进行设置:

spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml

然后使用@EnableCaching注解开启Spring Boot应用程序缓存功能,你可以在应用主类中进行操作:

package com.ramostear.cache;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;@SpringBootApplication@EnableCachingpublic class CacheApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args); }}

接下来,需要创建一个ehcache的配置文件,该文件放置在类路径下,如resources目录下:

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"    xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"    xsi:schemaLocation="      http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd      http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">  <service>    <jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>  </service>  <cache alias="person">    <key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>    <value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>    <expiry>      <ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>    </expiry>    <listeners>      <listener>        <class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>        <event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>        <event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>        <events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>        <events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>        <events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>        <events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>        <events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>      </listener>    </listeners>    <resources>        <heap unit="entries">2000</heap>        <offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>    </resources>  </cache></config>

最后,还需要定义个缓存事件监听器,用于记录系统操作缓存数据的情况,最快的方法是实现CacheEventListener接口:

package com.ramostear.cache.config;import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;import org.slf4j.Logger;import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;/** * @author ramostear * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48 * @modify by : * @since: */public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);  @Override  public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {    logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",        cacheEvent.getType(),        cacheEvent.getKey(),        cacheEvent.getOldValue(),        cacheEvent.getNewValue());  }}

3. 使用@Cacheable注解对方法进行注释

要让Spring Boot能够缓存我们的数据,还需要使用@Cacheable注解对业务方法进行注释,告诉Spring Boot该方法中产生的数据需要加入到缓存中:

package com.ramostear.cache.service;import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * @author ramostear * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51 * @modify by : * @since: */@Service(value = "personService")public class PersonService {  @Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")  public Person getPerson(Long id){    Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com");    return person;  }}

通过以上三个步骤,我们就完成了Spring Boot的缓存功能。接下来,我们将测试一下缓存的实际情况。

4. 缓存测试

为了测试我们的应用程序,创建一个简单的Restful端点,它将调用PersonService返回一个Person对象:

package com.ramostear.cache.controller;import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/** * @author ramostear * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54 * @modify by : * @since: */@RestController@RequestMapping("/persons")public class PersonController {  @Autowired  private PersonService personService;  @GetMapping("/{id}")  public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){    return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);  }}

Person是一个简单的POJO类:

package com.ramostear.cache.entity;import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;import lombok.Getter;import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;import lombok.Setter;import java.io.Serializable;/** * @author ramostear * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45 * @modify by : * @since: */@Getter@Setter@AllArgsConstructor@NoArgsConstructorpublic class Person implements Serializable{  private Long id;  private String username;  private String email;}

以上准备工作都完成后,让我们编译并运行应用程序。项目成功启动后,使用浏览器打开: http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你将在浏览器页面中看到如下的信息:

{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}

此时在观察控制台输出的日志信息:

2019-04-07 01:08:01.001  INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed initialization in 5 ms
2019-04-07 01:08:01.054  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729

由于我们是第一次请求API,没有任何缓存数据。因此,Ehcache创建了一条缓存数据,可以通过 CREATED 看一了解到。

我们在ehcache.xml文件中将缓存过期时间设置成了1分钟(1),因此在一分钟之内我们刷新浏览器,不会看到有新的日志输出,一分钟之后,缓存过期,我们再次刷新浏览器,将看到如下的日志输出:

2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event EXPIRED 1 com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null
2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1] c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce

第一条日志提示缓存已经过期,第二条日志提示Ehcache重新创建了一条缓存数据。

结束语

在本次案例中,通过简单的三个步骤,讲解了基于Ehcache的Spring Boot应用程序缓存实现。文章内容重在缓存实现的基本步骤与方法,简化了具体的业务代码,有兴趣的朋友可以自行扩展,期间遇到问题也可以随时与我联系。

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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