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springboot的缓存技术的实现

2019-11-26 09:57:44
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引子

我门知道一个程序的瓶颈在于数据库,我门也知道内存的速度是大大快于硬盘的速度的。当我门需要重复的获取相同的数据的时候,我门一次又一次的请求数据库或者远程服务,导致大量的时间耗费在数据库查询或者远程方法的调用上,导致程序性能的恶化,这更是数据缓存要解决的问题。

spring 缓存支持

spring定义了 org.springframework.cache.CacheManager和org.springframework.cache.Cache接口来统一不同的缓存技术。其中,CacheManager是Spring提供的各种缓存技术抽象接口,Cache接口包含了缓存的各种操作(增加、删除获得缓存,我门一般不会直接和此接口打交道)

spring 支持的CacheManager

针对不同的缓存技术,需要实现不同的CacheManager ,spring 定义了如下表的CacheManager实现。

实现任意一种CacheManager 的时候,需要注册实现CacheManager的bean,当然每种缓存技术都有很多额外的配置,但配置CacheManager 是必不可少的。

声明式缓存注解

spring提供了4个注解来声明缓存规则(又是使用注解式的AOP的一个生动例子),如表。

开启声明式缓存

开启声明式缓存支持非常简单,只需要在配置类上使用@EnabelCaching 注解即可。

springBoot 的支持

在spring中国年使用缓存技术的关键是配置CacheManager 而springbok 为我门自动配置了多个CacheManager的实现。在spring boot 环境下,使用缓存技术只需要在项目中导入相关缓存技术的依赖包,并配置类使用@EnabelCaching开启缓存支持即可。

小例子

小例子是使用 springboot+jpa +cache 实现的。

实例步骤目录

  1. 创建maven项目
  2. 数据库配置
  3. jpa配置和cache配置
  4. 编写bean 和dao层
  5. 编写service层
  6. 编写controller
  7. 启动cache
  8. 测试校验

1.创建maven项目

新建maven 项目pom.xml文件如下内容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.us</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-Cache</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties>  <start-class>com.us.Application</start-class>  <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>  <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> </properties> <!-- Add typical dependencies for a web application --> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>   <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>  </dependency>  <!--db-->  <dependency>   <groupId>mysql</groupId>   <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>   <version>6.0.5</version>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>   <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>   <version>0.9.5.2</version>   <exclusions>    <exclusion>     <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>     <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>    </exclusion>   </exclusions>  </dependency> </dependencies></project>

2.数据库配置

在src/main/esouces目录下新建application.properties 文件,内容为数据库连接信息,如下:

application.properties

ms.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driverms.db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cache?prepStmtCacheSize=517&cachePrepStmts=true&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&allowMultiQueries=truems.db.username=rootms.db.password=xxxxxxms.db.maxActive=500

新建DBConfig.java 配置文件,配置数据源

package com.us.example.config;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;@Configurationpublic class DBConfig { @Autowired private Environment env; @Bean(name="dataSource") public ComboPooledDataSource dataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {  ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();  dataSource.setDriverClass(env.getProperty("ms.db.driverClassName"));  dataSource.setJdbcUrl(env.getProperty("ms.db.url"));  dataSource.setUser(env.getProperty("ms.db.username"));  dataSource.setPassword(env.getProperty("ms.db.password"));  dataSource.setMaxPoolSize(20);  dataSource.setMinPoolSize(5);  dataSource.setInitialPoolSize(10);  dataSource.setMaxIdleTime(300);  dataSource.setAcquireIncrement(5);  dataSource.setIdleConnectionTestPeriod(60);  return dataSource; }}

数据库设计,数据库只有一张Person表,设计如下:

3.jpa配置

spring-data- jpa 配置文件如下:

package com.us.example.config;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.config.EnableJpaRepositories;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;import org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@Configuration@EnableJpaRepositories("com.us.example.dao")@EnableTransactionManagement@ComponentScanpublic class JpaConfig { @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Bean public EntityManagerFactory entityManagerFactory() {  HibernateJpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();  LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factory = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();  factory.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);  factory.setPackagesToScan("com.us.example.bean");  factory.setDataSource(dataSource);  Map<String, Object> jpaProperties = new HashMap<>();  jpaProperties.put("hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy","org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy");  jpaProperties.put("hibernate.jdbc.batch_size",50);  factory.setJpaPropertyMap(jpaProperties);  factory.afterPropertiesSet();  return factory.getObject(); } @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {  JpaTransactionManager txManager = new JpaTransactionManager();  txManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory());  return txManager; }}

4.编写bean 和dao层

实体类 Person.java

package com.us.example.bean;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Table;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@Entity@Table(name = "Person")public class Person { @Id @GeneratedValue private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; private String address; public Person() {  super(); } public Person(Long id, String name, Integer age, String address) {  super();  this.id = id;  this.name = name;  this.age = age;  this.address = address; } public Long getId() {  return id; } public void setId(Long id) {  this.id = id; } public String getName() {  return name; } public void setName(String name) {  this.name = name; } public Integer getAge() {  return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) {  this.age = age; } public String getAddress() {  return address; } public void setAddress(String address) {  this.address = address; }}

dao层,PersonRepository.java

package com.us.example.dao;import com.us.example.bean.Person;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */public interface PersonRepository extends JpaRepository<Person, Long> {}

5.编写service层

service 接口

package com.us.example.service;import com.us.example.bean.Person;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */public interface DemoService { public Person save(Person person); public void remove(Long id); public Person findOne(Person person);}

实现:(重点,此处加缓存)

package com.us.example.service.Impl;import com.us.example.bean.Person;import com.us.example.dao.PersonRepository;import com.us.example.service.DemoService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@Servicepublic class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService { @Autowired private PersonRepository personRepository; @Override //@CachePut缓存新增的或更新的数据到缓存,其中缓存名字是 people 。数据的key是person的id @CachePut(value = "people", key = "#person.id") public Person save(Person person) {  Person p = personRepository.save(person);  System.out.println("为id、key为:"+p.getId()+"数据做了缓存");  return p; } @Override //@CacheEvict 从缓存people中删除key为id 的数据 @CacheEvict(value = "people") public void remove(Long id) {  System.out.println("删除了id、key为"+id+"的数据缓存");  //这里不做实际删除操作 } @Override //@Cacheable缓存key为person 的id 数据到缓存people 中,如果没有指定key则方法参数作为key保存到缓存中。 @Cacheable(value = "people", key = "#person.id") public Person findOne(Person person) {  Person p = personRepository.findOne(person.getId());  System.out.println("为id、key为:"+p.getId()+"数据做了缓存");  return p; }}

6.编写controller

为了测试方便请求方式都用了get

package com.us.example.controller;import com.us.example.bean.Person;import com.us.example.service.DemoService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@RestControllerpublic class CacheController { @Autowired private DemoService demoService; //http://localhost:8080/put?name=abel&age=23&address=shanghai @RequestMapping("/put") public Person put(Person person){  return demoService.save(person); } //http://localhost:8080/able?id=1 @RequestMapping("/able") @ResponseBody public Person cacheable(Person person){  return demoService.findOne(person); } //http://localhost:8080/evit?id=1 @RequestMapping("/evit") public String evit(Long id){  demoService.remove(id);  return "ok"; }}

7.启动cache

启动类中要记得开启缓存配置。

package com.us.example;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import static org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.*;/** * Created by yangyibo on 17/1/13. */@ComponentScan(basePackages ="com.us.example")@SpringBootApplication@EnableCachingpublic class Application { public static void main(String[] args) {  ConfigurableApplicationContext run = run(Application.class, args); }}

8.测试校验检验able:

启动Application 类,启动后在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/able?id=1(首先要在数据库中初始化几条数据。)

控制台输出:

“为id、key为:1数据做了缓存“ 此时已经为此次查询做了缓存,再次查询该条数据将不会出现此条语句,也就是不查询数据库了。

检验put

在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/put?name=abel&age=23&address=shanghai(向数据库插入一条数据,并将数据放入缓存。)

此时控制台输出为该条记录做了缓存:

然后再次调用able 方法,查询该条数据,将不再查询数据库,直接从缓存中读取数据。

测试evit

在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/evit?id=1(将该条记录从缓存中清楚,清除后,在次访问该条记录,将会重新将该记录放入缓存。)

控制台输出:

切换缓存

1.切换为EhCache作为缓存

pom.xml 文件中添加依赖

<dependency>   <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>   <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>  </dependency>

在resource 文件夹下新建ehcache的配置文件ehcache.xml 内容如下,此文件spring boot 会自动扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><ehcache> <!--切换为ehcache 缓存时使用--><cache name="people" maxElementsInMemory="1000" /></ehcache>

2.切换为Guava作为缓存

只需要在pom中添加依赖

 <dependency>   <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>   <artifactId>guava</artifactId>   <version>18.0</version>  </dependency>

3.切换为redis作为缓存

请看下篇博客

本文参考:《JavaEE开发的颠覆者:Spring Boot实战 》

本文源代码:https://github.com/527515025/springBoot.git

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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