基于Springboot+Junit+Mockito做单元测试的示例

public class MatchingServiceImpl implements MatchingService {  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MatchingServiceImpl.class);  @Autowired  private QuoteService quoteService;  ...  public MatchingResult matching(MatchingOrder buyOrder, MatchingOrder sellOrder) {    int currentPrice = quoteService.getCurrentPriceByProduct(buyOrder.getProductCode());    MatchingResult result = new MatchingResult();    if (sellOrder != null && buyOrder != null &&        sellOrder.getPrice() <= buyOrder.getPrice()) {    ...  }}

public class MatchingServiceImplTest extends MockitoBasedTest {  /**   * 被@Mock标注的对象会自动注入到被@InjectMocks标注的对象中   */  @Mock  private QuoteService quoteService;  /**   * <pre>   * 被测对象，用@InjectMocks标注，那些被@mock标注的对象就会自动注入其中。   * 另一个注意点是这里的MatchingServiceImpl是直接new出来(Mockito 1.9版本后不new也可以)，而不是通过spring容器注入的。因为这里我不需要从spring容器中   * 获得其他依赖，不需要database ，redis ，zookeeper，mq，啥都不依赖，所以直接new   * </pre>   */  @InjectMocks  private MatchingServiceImpl matchingService = new MatchingServiceImpl();  @Test  public void testMatching_SuccessWhenCurrentPriceBetweenBuyPriceAndSellPrice() {    MatchingOrder buyOrder = new MatchingOrder();    buyOrder.setPrice(1000);    buyOrder.setCount(23);    MatchingOrder sellOrder = new MatchingOrder();    sellOrder.setPrice(800);    sellOrder.setCount(20);    // 方法打桩(Method stubbing)    // when(x).thenReturn(y) ：当指定方法被调用时返回指定值    Mockito.when(quoteService.getCurrentPriceByProduct(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(900);    MatchingResult result = matchingService.matching(buyOrder, sellOrder);    org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(true, result.isSuccess());// 断言撮合是否成功    org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(20, result.getTradeCount());// 断言成交数量    org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(900, result.getTradePrice()); // 断言最新报价是否符合预期  }

protected void startBuyProcess(MatchingOrder buyOrder, boolean waitForMatching) {    while (true) {      //对手方最优价      MatchingOrder topSellOrder = getTopSellOrder(buyOrder.getProductCode());      MatchingResult matchingResult = matching(buyOrder,topSellOrder);      if(matchingResult.isSuccess()) {        doMatchingSuccess(buyOrder,topSellOrder,matchingResult,MatchingType.BUY);        if(buyOrder.getCount() <= 0) {          break;        }      }else {        if(waitForMatching) {          //加入待撮合队列          addToMatchingBuy(buyOrder);        }else {          //撤单          sendCancleMsg(buyOrder);        }        break;      }    }  }

/**   *   * 测试StartBuyProcess方法在撮合成功后的处理是否符合预期，即测试startBuyProcess方法进入下面这个判断分支后的行为   * {@link MatchingServiceImpl#startBuyProcess(MatchingOrder, boolean)}   *   * <pre>   * if (matchingResult.isSuccess()) {   *   *   doMatchingSuccess(buyOrder, topSellOrder, matchingResult, MatchingType.BUY);   *   *   if (buyOrder.getCount() <= 0) {   *     break;   *   }   * }   * </pre>   *   */  @Test  public void testStartBuyProcess_InCaseOfMatchingSuccess() {    MatchingOrder buyOrder = new MatchingOrder();    buyOrder.setPrice(700);    buyOrder.setCount(23);    // 用Mockito.spy()对matchingService进行部分打桩    matchingService = Mockito.spy(matchingService);    MatchingResult firstMatchingResult = new MatchingResult();    firstMatchingResult.setSuccess(true);    firstMatchingResult.setTradeCount(20);    MatchingResult secondMatchingResult = new MatchingResult();    secondMatchingResult.setSuccess(false);    // doReturn(x).when(obj).method() 对方法打桩，打桩后，程序执行这些方法时将按照预期返回指定值，未被打桩的方法将真实执行    // 两个doReturn表示第一次调用matchingService.matching时返回firstMatchingResult，第二次调用返回secondMatchingResult    // 因为startBuyProcess里有个while循坏，可能会多次执行matching方法    Mockito.doReturn(firstMatchingResult).doReturn(secondMatchingResult).when(matchingService)        .matching(Mockito.any(MatchingOrder.class), Mockito.any(MatchingOrder.class));    MatchingOrder sellOrder = new MatchingOrder();    sellOrder.setPrice(600);    sellOrder.setCount(20);    // 对getTopSellOrder方法打桩    Mockito.doReturn(sellOrder).when(matchingService).getTopSellOrder(Mockito.anyString());    // 对外部依赖jedis的方法进行打桩    Mockito.when(jedisClient.incrBy(Mockito.anyString(), Mockito.anyLong())).thenReturn(0L);    // startBuyProcess是被测函数，不打桩，会真实执行    matchingService.startBuyProcess(buyOrder, true);    // 后面的校验和断言是测试doMatchingSuccess方法的行为的，这也是这个测试的目的    // verify可用来校验，某个类的方法被执行过多少次，这里是校验jedisClient.zremFirst是否被执行过1次    Mockito.verify(jedisClient, Mockito.times(1)).zremFirst(Mockito.anyString());    org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(3, buyOrder.getCount());    org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(0, sellOrder.getCount());  }

<dependency>  <groupId>junit</groupId>  <artifactId>junit</artifactId>  <version>4.11</version>  <scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>  <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>  <version>1.10.19</version>  <scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency>  <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>  <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>  <scope>test</scope></dependency>

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = TestApplication.class)public abstract class MockitoBasedTest {  @Before  public void setUp() throws Exception {    // 初始化测试用例类中由Mockito的注解标注的所有模拟对象    MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);  }}// 其他测试类继承MockitoBasedTest