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JAVA线程sleep()和wait()详解及实例

2019-11-26 12:18:49
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JAVA线程sleep()和wait()详解及实例

sleep

1.sleep是Thread的一个静态(static)方法。使得Runnable实现的线程也可以使用sleep方法。而且避免了线程之前相互调用sleep()方法,引发死锁。

2.sleep()执行时需要赋予一个沉睡时间。在沉睡期间(阻塞线程期间),CPU会放弃这个线程,执行其他任务。当沉睡时间到了之后,该线程会自动苏醒,不过此时线程不会立刻被执行,而是要等CPU分配资源,和其他线程进行竞争。

3.此外如果这个线程之前获取了一个机锁,在沉睡期间,这个机锁不会释放。其他等待这个机锁的程序,必须等待这个线程醒来,且执行完后才能运行。

sleep相关代码

public class ThreadTest2 {  public static void main(String[] args){    System.out.println("begin our test");    ThreadSleep sleep = new ThreadSleep();    try {      Thread thread1 = new Thread(sleep,"路人甲");      Thread thread2 = new Thread(sleep,"路人乙");      thread1.start();      thread2.start();    }catch(Exception e){      e.printStackTrace();    }    System.out.println("test is over");  }} class ThreadSleep implements Runnable{   int count = 0;   @Override   public void run(){     System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " say : hello sleep !!");     count();   }   public void count(){     while(count < 20) {         System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " say : count is " + count);         try {           count++;           Thread.sleep(100);         } catch (Exception e) {           e.printStackTrace();         }     }   }}

输出日志

begin our testtest is over路人甲 say : hello sleep !!路人甲 say : count is 0路人乙 say : hello sleep !!路人乙 say : count is 1路人甲 say : count is 2路人乙 say : count is 2路人甲 say : count is 4路人乙 say : count is 4路人甲 say : count is 6路人乙 say : count is 7路人乙 say : count is 8路人甲 say : count is 8路人甲 say : count is 10路人乙 say : count is 10路人乙 say : count is 12路人甲 say : count is 12路人乙 say : count is 14路人甲 say : count is 14路人甲 say : count is 16路人乙 say : count is 16路人甲 say : count is 18路人乙 say : count is 18

通过日志可以发现线程甲和线程乙基本是交替执行,但是并不规律,且出现了并发问题。

该情况是由于代码中设置了睡眠时间为100毫秒,由于count递增执行速度很快,所以线程差不多是同时睡眠,然后同时苏醒并导致了并发的出现。

接下来要添加synchronize块,检查sleep时机锁是否释放

public class ThreadTest2 {  public static void main(String[] args){    System.out.println("begin our test");    ThreadSleep sleep = new ThreadSleep();    try {      Thread thread1 = new Thread(sleep,"路人甲");      Thread thread2 = new Thread(sleep,"路人乙");      thread1.start();      thread2.start();    }catch(Exception e){      e.printStackTrace();    }    System.out.println("test is over");  }}class ThreadSleep implements Runnable{  int count = 0;  @Override  public void run(){    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " say : hello sleep !!");    count();  }  public void count(){    while(count < 20) {      synchronized (this) {        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " say : count is " + count);        try {          count++;          Thread.sleep(100);        } catch (Exception e) {          e.printStackTrace();        }      }    }  }}

输出日志

begin our test路人甲 say : hello sleep !!路人甲 say : count is 0test is over路人乙 say : hello sleep !!路人甲 say : count is 1路人甲 say : count is 2路人甲 say : count is 3路人甲 say : count is 4路人甲 say : count is 5路人甲 say : count is 6路人甲 say : count is 7路人甲 say : count is 8路人甲 say : count is 9路人甲 say : count is 10路人甲 say : count is 11路人甲 say : count is 12路人甲 say : count is 13路人甲 say : count is 14路人甲 say : count is 15路人甲 say : count is 16路人甲 say : count is 17路人甲 say : count is 18路人甲 say : count is 19路人乙 say : count is 20

通过日志可以看出,基本是线程甲在执行,这是因为sleep时,机锁一直在线程甲上,所以线程乙只能一直等待直到线程甲释放锁。

wait

1.wait()是Object类的一个方法。当调用wait()方法时,该线程会进入和该对象相关的等待池中,并释放它所拥有的机锁。

2.执行wait()后,必须使用notify()方法或notifyAll()方法或设置等待时间(wait(long time))唤醒在等待线程池中的线程。

3.wait()必须放在synchronized block中,否则会在运行时报“java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException”异常

wait相关代码

public class ThreadTest2 {  public static void main(String[] args) {    System.out.println("begin our test");    ThreadSleep sleep = new ThreadSleep();    try {      Thread thread1 = new Thread(sleep, "路人甲");      Thread thread2 = new Thread(sleep, "路人乙");      thread1.start();      thread2.start();    } catch (Exception e) {      e.printStackTrace();    }    System.out.println("test is over");  }}class ThreadSleep implements Runnable {  int count = 0;  @Override  public void run() {    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " say : hello sleep !!");    count();  }  public void count() {    while (count < 20) {      synchronized (this) {        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " say : count is " + count);        try {          count++;          this.wait(100);        } catch (Exception e) {          e.printStackTrace();        }      }    }  }}

输出日志

begin our test路人甲 say : hello sleep !!路人甲 say : count is 0test is over路人乙 say : hello sleep !!路人乙 say : count is 1路人甲 say : count is 2路人乙 say : count is 3路人甲 say : count is 4路人乙 say : count is 5路人甲 say : count is 6路人乙 say : count is 7路人甲 say : count is 8路人乙 say : count is 9路人甲 say : count is 10路人乙 say : count is 11路人甲 say : count is 12路人乙 say : count is 13路人乙 say : count is 14路人甲 say : count is 15路人乙 say : count is 16路人甲 say : count is 17路人乙 say : count is 18路人甲 say : count is 19

通过日志可以发现在wait的情况下,机锁会被释放。

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