Java线程池的几种实现方法和区别介绍实例详解

import java.text.DateFormat;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Date;import java.util.List;import java.util.Random;import java.util.concurrent.Callable;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.Future;public class TestThreadPool { // -newFixedThreadPool与cacheThreadPool差不多，也是能reuse就用，但不能随时建新的线程 // -其独特之处:任意时间点，最多只能有固定数目的活动线程存在，此时如果有新的线程要建立，只能放在另外的队列中等待，直到当前的线程中某个线程终止直接被移出池子 // -和cacheThreadPool不同，FixedThreadPool没有IDLE机制（可能也有，但既然文档没提，肯定非常长，类似依赖上层的TCP或UDP // IDLE机制之类的），所以FixedThreadPool多数针对一些很稳定很固定的正规并发线程，多用于服务器 // -从方法的源代码看，cache池和fixed 池调用的是同一个底层池，只不过参数不同: // fixed池线程数固定，并且是0秒IDLE（无IDLE） // cache池线程数支持0-Integer.MAX_VALUE(显然完全没考虑主机的资源承受能力），60秒IDLE private static ExecutorService fixedService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(6); // -缓存型池子，先查看池中有没有以前建立的线程，如果有，就reuse.如果没有，就建一个新的线程加入池中 // -缓存型池子通常用于执行一些生存期很短的异步型任务 // 因此在一些面向连接的daemon型SERVER中用得不多。 // -能reuse的线程，必须是timeout IDLE内的池中线程，缺省timeout是60s,超过这个IDLE时长，线程实例将被终止及移出池。 // 注意，放入CachedThreadPool的线程不必担心其结束，超过TIMEOUT不活动，其会自动被终止。 private static ExecutorService cacheService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // -单例线程，任意时间池中只能有一个线程 // -用的是和cache池和fixed池相同的底层池，但线程数目是1-1,0秒IDLE（无IDLE） private static ExecutorService singleService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); // -调度型线程池 // -这个池子里的线程可以按schedule依次delay执行，或周期执行 private static ExecutorService scheduledService = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10); public static void main(String[] args) { DateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); List<Integer> customerList = new ArrayList<Integer>(); System.out.println(format.format(new Date())); testFixedThreadPool(fixedService, customerList); System.out.println("--------------------------"); testFixedThreadPool(fixedService, customerList); fixedService.shutdown(); System.out.println(fixedService.isShutdown()); System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------"); testCacheThreadPool(cacheService, customerList); System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------"); testCacheThreadPool(cacheService, customerList); cacheService.shutdownNow(); System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------"); testSingleServiceThreadPool(singleService, customerList); testSingleServiceThreadPool(singleService, customerList); singleService.shutdown(); System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------"); testScheduledServiceThreadPool(scheduledService, customerList); testScheduledServiceThreadPool(scheduledService, customerList); scheduledService.shutdown(); }  public static void testScheduledServiceThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) { List<Callable<Integer>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<Integer>>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  Callable<Integer> callable = new Callable<Integer>() {  @Override  public Integer call() throws Exception {   return new Random().nextInt(10);  }  };  listCallable.add(callable); } try {  List<Future<Integer>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);  for (Future<Integer> future : listFuture) {  Integer id = future.get();  customerList.add(id);  } } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(customerList.toString()); } public static void testSingleServiceThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) { List<Callable<List<Integer>>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<List<Integer>>>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  Callable<List<Integer>> callable = new Callable<List<Integer>>() {  @Override  public List<Integer> call() throws Exception {   List<Integer> list = getList(new Random().nextInt(10));   boolean isStop = false;   while (list.size() > 0 && !isStop) {   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " -- sleep:1000");   isStop = true;   }   return list;  }  };  listCallable.add(callable); } try {  List<Future<List<Integer>>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);  for (Future<List<Integer>> future : listFuture) {  List<Integer> list = future.get();  customerList.addAll(list);  } } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(customerList.toString()); } public static void testCacheThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) { List<Callable<List<Integer>>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<List<Integer>>>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  Callable<List<Integer>> callable = new Callable<List<Integer>>() {  @Override  public List<Integer> call() throws Exception {   List<Integer> list = getList(new Random().nextInt(10));   boolean isStop = false;   while (list.size() > 0 && !isStop) {   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " -- sleep:1000");   isStop = true;   }   return list;  }  };  listCallable.add(callable); } try {  List<Future<List<Integer>>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);  for (Future<List<Integer>> future : listFuture) {  List<Integer> list = future.get();  customerList.addAll(list);  } } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(customerList.toString()); } public static void testFixedThreadPool(ExecutorService service, List<Integer> customerList) { List<Callable<List<Integer>>> listCallable = new ArrayList<Callable<List<Integer>>>(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {  Callable<List<Integer>> callable = new Callable<List<Integer>>() {  @Override  public List<Integer> call() throws Exception {   List<Integer> list = getList(new Random().nextInt(10));   boolean isStop = false;   while (list.size() > 0 && !isStop) {   System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getId() + " -- sleep:1000");   isStop = true;   }   return list;  }  };  listCallable.add(callable); } try {  List<Future<List<Integer>>> listFuture = service.invokeAll(listCallable);  for (Future<List<Integer>> future : listFuture) {  List<Integer> list = future.get();  customerList.addAll(list);  } } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(customerList.toString()); } public static List<Integer> getList(int x) { List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>(); list.add(x); list.add(x * x); return list; }}

//例如：corePoolSize=3,maximumPoolSize=6,LinkedBlockingQueue(10) //RejectedExecutionHandler默认处理方式是：ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy //ThreadPoolExecutor executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, 1L, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10)); //1.如果线程池中（也就是调用executorService.execute）运行的线程未达到LinkedBlockingQueue.init(10)的话，当前执行的线程数是:corePoolSize(3)  //2.如果超过了LinkedBlockingQueue.init(10)并且超过的数>=init(10)+corePoolSize(3)的话，并且小于init(10)+maximumPoolSize. 当前启动的线程数是：(当前线程数-init(10)) //3.如果调用的线程数超过了init(10)+maximumPoolSize 则根据RejectedExecutionHandler的规则处理。

//默认使用：ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy，处理程序遭到拒绝将抛出运行时RejectedExecutionException。      RejectedExecutionHandler policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy();//     //在 ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy 中，线程调用运行该任务的execute本身。此策略提供简单的反馈控制机制，能够减缓新任务的提交速度。//     policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();//     //在 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy 中，不能执行的任务将被删除。//     policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy();//     //在 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy 中，如果执行程序尚未关闭，则位于工作队列头部的任务将被删除，然后重试执行程序（如果再次失败，则重复此过程）。//     policy=new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy();