Spring-Boot框架初步搭建

2019-11-26 12:49:34

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一、简介

SpringMVC是非常伟大的框架，开源，发展迅速。优秀的设计必然会划分、解耦。所以，spring有很多子项目，比如core、context、bean、mvc等。这对知根底的人来说很简单明了，然而springmvc就是为了傻瓜式的操作而发明的。对于初学springmvc的人来说，想要入手就开发需要拷贝一连串的dependency而不知道这个是干嘛，不知道是不是少了依赖。像我刚接触springmvc的时候到处百度教程而发现各有不同，于是复制了一个又一个代码却不能自己设置，根本原因是不了解各个依赖的包。

Spring-Boot 正是为了解决繁复的代码配置而产生的。Spring-Boot 也是基于java-base 开发的代码，及不用xml文件配置，所有代码都由java来完成。还可以加入Groovy的动态语言执行。

二、搭建一个基本的web-mvc 项目

2.1 Configure environment

java 1.8+
maven 3.3+
spring-boot 1.3.5
idea 15
Thymeleaf 3

2.2 Start

在idea中，选择new-》maven创建一个空的maven项目,比如名字springboot-test。

2.2.1pom.xml

设定java版本：

<properties>    <java.version>1.8</java.version></properties>

添加依赖版本管理dependencyManagement

<dependencyManagement>    <dependencies>      <dependency>        <!-- Import dependency management from Spring Boot -->        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>        <version>1.3.5.RELEASE</version>        <type>pom</type>        <scope>import</scope>      </dependency>    </dependencies></dependencyManagement>

添加spring-web项目依赖

<dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    </dependency>  <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>    <optional>true</optional>  </dependency></dependencies>

添加build-plugin

<build>    <plugins>      <plugin>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>        <configuration>          <fork>true</fork>        </configuration>      </plugin>    </plugins> </build>

如此，一个简单的restful的webservice的项目就搭建好了。如果想要支持视图渲染，即jsp、freeMark、velocity等，添加对应的依赖即可。比如，我使用Thymeleaf模板：

<dependency>      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency>

2.2.2 创建java代码

如果新建项目的名字是：springboot-test. 则创建包springboot-test/src/main/java/com/test.

com +- example   +- myproject     +- Application.java     |     +- domain     |  +- Customer.java     |  +- CustomerRepository.java     |     +- service     |  +- CustomerService.java     |     +- web       +- CustomerController.java

com.test是我们的基本包名。下面创建配置类com.test.AppConfig。

package com.test;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * Created by miaorf on 2016/6/19. */@SpringBootApplicationpublic class AppConfig {  public static void main(String[] args) {    SpringApplication.run(AppConfig.class);  }}

@SpringBootApplication 标注启动配置入口，可以发现通过一个main方法启动。使用这个注解的类必须放置于最外层包中，因为默认扫描这个类以下的包。否则需要自己配置@ComponentScan。

这样，配置基本完成了。下面开发控制层controller：

创建com.test.controller.HelloController。

package com.test.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map; /** * Created by miaorf on 2016/6/19. */@Controllerpublic class HelloController {   @RequestMapping("/index")  public String index(Model model){     model.addAttribute("name","Ryan");     return "index";  }   @RequestMapping("/json")  @ResponseBody  public Map<String,Object> json(){    Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();    map.put("name","Ryan");    map.put("age","18");    map.put("sex","man");    return map;  }}

创建视图代码：

视图默认放在springboot-test/src/main/resources/templates**.

所以创建springboot-test/src/main/resources/templates/index.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"><head>  <title>Getting Started: Serving Web Content</title>  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /></head><body><p th:text="'Hello, ' + ${name} + '!'" /></body></html>

D:/workspace/springboot/springboot-test/src/main/webapp/hello.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html><head>  <title>Getting Started: Serving Web Content</title>  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /></head><body>hello, This is static page. not resolve by server, just the html.</body></html>

2.2.3 run

启动方式多种，可以启动main方法，也可以通过命令行启动：

D:/temp/springboot-test>mvn spring-boot:run[INFO] Scanning for projects...[WARNING][WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective model for com.test:springboot-test:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT[WARNING] 'build.plugins.plugin.version' for org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-maven-plugin is missing. @ line 49, column 21[WARNING][WARNING] It is highly recommended to fix these problems because they threaten the stability of your build.[WARNING][WARNING] For this reason, future Maven versions might no longer support building such malformed projects.[WARNING][INFO][INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Building springboot-test 1.0-SNAPSHOT[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO][INFO] >>> spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.3.5.RELEASE:run (default-cli) > test-compile @ springboot-test >>>[INFO][INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ springboot-test ---[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] Copying 2 resources[INFO][INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ springboot-test ---[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date[INFO][INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ springboot-test ---[WARNING] Using platform encoding (GBK actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent![INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory D:/temp/springboot-test/src/test/resources[INFO][INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ springboot-test ---[INFO] No sources to compile[INFO][INFO] <<< spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.3.5.RELEASE:run (default-cli) < test-compile @ springboot-test <<<[INFO][INFO] --- spring-boot-maven-plugin:1.3.5.RELEASE:run (default-cli) @ springboot-test ---[INFO] Attaching agents: [] .  ____     _      __ _ _ /// / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ / / / /( ( )/___ | '_ | '_| | '_ // _` | / / / / /// ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_/__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot ::    (v1.3.5.RELEASE)

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