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话说Spring Security权限管理(源码详解)

2019-11-26 13:03:15
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最近项目需要用到Spring Security的权限控制,故花了点时间简单的去看了一下其权限控制相关的源码(版本为4.2)。

AccessDecisionManager

spring security是通过AccessDecisionManager进行授权管理的,先来张官方图镇楼。

AccessDecisionManager

AccessDecisionManager 接口定义了如下方法:

//调用AccessDecisionVoter进行投票(关键方法)void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,    Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException,    InsufficientAuthenticationException;boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute);boolean supports(Class clazz);

接下来看看它的实现类的具体实现:

AffirmativeBased

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,    Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {  int deny = 0;  for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {    //调用AccessDecisionVoter进行vote(我们姑且称之为投票吧),后面再看vote的源码。    int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {      logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);    }        switch (result) {    case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED://值为1      //只要有voter投票为ACCESS_GRANTED,则通过      return;    case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED://值为-1      deny++;      break;    default:      break;    }  }  if (deny > 0) {    //如果有两个及以上AccessDecisionVoter(姑且称之为投票者吧)都投ACCESS_DENIED,则直接就不通过了    throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(        "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));  }  // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained  checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();}

通过以上代码可直接看到AffirmativeBased的策略:

  • 只要有投通过(ACCESS_GRANTED)票,则直接判为通过。
  • 如果没有投通过票且反对(ACCESS_DENIED)票在两个及其以上的,则直接判为不通过。

UnanimousBased

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,    Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) throws AccessDeniedException {  int grant = 0;  int abstain = 0;  List<ConfigAttribute> singleAttributeList = new ArrayList<ConfigAttribute>(1);  singleAttributeList.add(null);  for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {    singleAttributeList.set(0, attribute);    for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {      //配置的投票者进行投票      int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, singleAttributeList);      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {        logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);      }      switch (result) {      case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED:        grant++;        break;      case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED:        //只要有投票者投反对票就立马判为无权访问        throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(            "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied",            "Access is denied"));      default:        abstain++;        break;      }    }  }  // To get this far, there were no deny votes  if (grant > 0) {    //如果没反对票且有通过票,那么就判为通过    return;  }  // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained  checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();}

由此可见UnanimousBased的策略:

  • 无论多少投票者投了多少通过(ACCESS_GRANTED)票,只要有反对票(ACCESS_DENIED),那都判为不通过。
  • 如果没有反对票且有投票者投了通过票,那么就判为通过。

ConsensusBased

public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object,    Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes) throws AccessDeniedException {  int grant = 0;  int deny = 0;  int abstain = 0;  for (AccessDecisionVoter voter : getDecisionVoters()) {    //配置的投票者进行投票    int result = voter.vote(authentication, object, configAttributes);    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {      logger.debug("Voter: " + voter + ", returned: " + result);    }    switch (result) {    case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_GRANTED:      grant++;      break;    case AccessDecisionVoter.ACCESS_DENIED:      deny++;      break;    default:      abstain++;      break;    }  }  if (grant > deny) {    //通过的票数大于反对的票数则判为通过    return;  }  if (deny > grant) {    //通过的票数小于反对的票数则判为不通过    throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(        "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));  }  if ((grant == deny) && (grant != 0)) {    //this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions默认为true    //通过的票数和反对的票数相等,则可根据配置allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions进行判断是否通过    if (this.allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions) {      return;    }    else {      throw new AccessDeniedException(messages.getMessage(          "AbstractAccessDecisionManager.accessDenied", "Access is denied"));    }  }  // To get this far, every AccessDecisionVoter abstained  checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();}

由此可见,ConsensusBased的策略:

  • 通过的票数大于反对的票数则判为通过。
  • 通过的票数小于反对的票数则判为不通过。
  • 通过的票数和反对的票数相等,则可根据配置allowIfEqualGrantedDeniedDecisions(默认为true)进行判断是否通过。

到此,应该明白AffirmativeBased、UnanimousBased、ConsensusBased三者的区别了吧,spring security默认使用的是AffirmativeBased, 如果有需要,可配置为其它两个,也可自己去实现。

投票者

以上AccessDecisionManager的实现类都只是对权限(投票)进行管理(策略的实现),具体投票(vote)的逻辑是通过调用AccessDecisionVoter的子类(投票者)的vote方法实现的。spring security默认注册了RoleVoter和AuthenticatedVoter两个投票者。下面来看看其源码。

AccessDecisionManager

boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute);boolean supports(Class<?> clazz);//核心方法,此方法由上面介绍的的AccessDecisionManager调用,子类实现此方法进行投票。int vote(Authentication authentication, S object,    Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes);

RoleVoter

private String rolePrefix = "ROLE_";//只处理ROLE_开头的(可通过配置rolePrefix的值进行改变)public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {  if ((attribute.getAttribute() != null)      && attribute.getAttribute().startsWith(getRolePrefix())) {    return true;  }  else {    return false;  }}public int vote(Authentication authentication, Object object,    Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes) {      if(authentication == null) {    //用户没通过认证,则投反对票    return ACCESS_DENIED;  }  int result = ACCESS_ABSTAIN;  //获取用户实际的权限  Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> authorities = extractAuthorities(authentication);  for (ConfigAttribute attribute : attributes) {    if (this.supports(attribute)) {      result = ACCESS_DENIED;      // Attempt to find a matching granted authority      for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {        if (attribute.getAttribute().equals(authority.getAuthority())) {          //权限匹配则投通过票          return ACCESS_GRANTED;        }      }    }  }  //如果处理过,但没投通过票,则为反对票,如果没处理过,那么视为弃权(ACCESS_ABSTAIN)。  return result;}  

很简单吧,同时,我们还可以通过实现AccessDecisionManager来扩展自己的voter。但是,要实现这个,我们还必须得弄清楚attributes这个参数是从哪儿来的,这个是个很关键的参数啊。通过一张官方图能很清晰的看出这个问题来:

接下来,就看看AccessDecisionManager的调用者AbstractSecurityInterceptor。

AbstractSecurityInterceptor

...//上面说过默认是AffirmativeBased,可配置private AccessDecisionManager accessDecisionManager;...protected InterceptorStatusToken beforeInvocation(Object object) {  ...  //抽象方法,子类实现,但由此也可看出ConfigAttribute是由SecurityMetadataSource(实际上,默认是DefaultFilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource)获取。  Collection<ConfigAttribute> attributes = this.obtainSecurityMetadataSource()      .getAttributes(object);  ...  //获取当前认证过的用户信息  Authentication authenticated = authenticateIfRequired();  try {    //调用AccessDecisionManager    this.accessDecisionManager.decide(authenticated, object, attributes);  }  catch (AccessDeniedException accessDeniedException) {    publishEvent(new AuthorizationFailureEvent(object, attributes, authenticated,        accessDeniedException));    throw accessDeniedException;  }  ...   }public abstract SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource();

以上方法都是由AbstractSecurityInterceptor的子类(默认是FilterSecurityInterceptor)调用,那就再看看吧:

FilterSecurityInterceptor

...//SecurityMetadataSource的实现类,由此可见,可通过外部配置。这也说明我们可以通过自定义SecurityMetadataSource的实现类来扩展出自己实际需要的ConfigAttributeprivate FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource securityMetadataSource; ...//入口public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,    FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {  FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(request, response, chain);  //关键方法  invoke(fi);}public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException, ServletException {  if ((fi.getRequest() != null)      && (fi.getRequest().getAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED) != null)      && observeOncePerRequest) {    // filter already applied to this request and user wants us to observe    // once-per-request handling, so don't re-do security checking    fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());  }  else {    // first time this request being called, so perform security checking    if (fi.getRequest() != null) {      fi.getRequest().setAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED, Boolean.TRUE);    }    //在这儿调用了父类(AbstractSecurityInterceptor)的方法, 也就调用了accessDecisionManager    InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi);    try {      fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());    }    finally {      super.finallyInvocation(token);    }    //完了再执行(父类的方法),一前一后,AOP无处不在啊    super.afterInvocation(token, null);  }}

好啦,到此应该对于Spring Security的权限管理比较清楚了。看完这个,不知你是否能扩展出一套适合自己需求的权限需求来呢,如果还不太清楚,那也没关系,下篇就实战一下,根据它来开发一套自己的权限体系。

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