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浅谈Java之Map 按值排序 (Map sort by value)

2019-11-26 13:58:29
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Map是键值对的集合,又叫作字典或关联数组等,是最常见的数据结构之一。在java如何让一个map按value排序呢? 看似简单,但却不容易!

比如,Map中key是String类型,表示一个单词,而value是int型,表示该单词出现的次数,现在我们想要按照单词出现的次数来排序:

Map map = new TreeMap();map.put("me", 1000);map.put("and", 4000);map.put("you", 3000);map.put("food", 10000);map.put("hungry", 5000);map.put("later", 6000);

按值排序的结果应该是:

key valueme 1000you 3000and 4000hungry 5000later 6000food 10000

首先,不能采用SortedMap结构,因为SortedMap是按键排序的Map,而不是按值排序的Map,我们要的是按值排序的Map。

Couldn't you do this with a SortedMap? 
No, because the map are being sorted by its keys.

方法一:

如下Java代码:

import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.Set;import java.util.TreeSet;public class Main {  public static void main(String[] args) {    Set set = new TreeSet();    set.add(new Pair("me", "1000"));    set.add(new Pair("and", "4000"));    set.add(new Pair("you", "3000"));    set.add(new Pair("food", "10000"));    set.add(new Pair("hungry", "5000"));    set.add(new Pair("later", "6000"));    set.add(new Pair("myself", "1000"));    for (Iterator i = set.iterator(); i.hasNext();)      System.out.println(i.next());  }}class Pair implements Comparable {  private final String name;  private final int number;  public Pair(String name, int number) {    this.name = name;    this.number = number;  }  public Pair(String name, String number) throws NumberFormatException {    this.name = name;    this.number = Integer.parseInt(number);  }  public int compareTo(Object o) {    if (o instanceof Pair) {      int cmp = Double.compare(number, ((Pair) o).number);      if (cmp != 0) {        return cmp;      }      return name.compareTo(((Pair) o).name);    }    throw new ClassCastException("Cannot compare Pair with "        + o.getClass().getName());  }  public String toString() {    return name + ' ' + number;  }}

类似的C++代码:

typedef pair<string, int> PAIR;int cmp(const PAIR& x, const PAIR& y){  return x.second > y.second;}map<string,int> m;vector<PAIR> vec;for (map<wstring,int>::iterator curr = m.begin(); curr != m.end(); ++curr){  vec.push_back(make_pair(curr->first, curr->second));}sort(vec.begin(), vec.end(), cmp);

上面方法的实质意义是:将Map结构中的键值对(Map.Entry)封装成一个自定义的类(结构),或者直接用Map.Entry类。自定义类知道自己应该如何排序,也就是按值排序,具体为自己实现Comparable接口或构造一个Comparator对象,然后不用Map结构而采用有序集合(SortedSet, TreeSet是SortedSet的一种实现),这样就实现了Map中sort by value要达到的目的。就是说,不用Map,而是把Map.Entry当作一个对象,这样问题变为实现一个该对象的有序集合或对该对象的集合做排序。既可以用SortedSet,这样插入完成后自然就是有序的了,又或者用一个List或数组,然后再对其做排序(Collections.sort() or Arrays.sort())。

Encapsulate the information in its own class. Either implement
Comparable and write rules for the natural ordering or write a
Comparator based on your criteria. Store the information in a sorted
collection, or use the Collections.sort() method.

方法二:

You can also use the following code to sort by value:

public static Map sortByValue(Map map) {    List list = new LinkedList(map.entrySet());    Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() {      public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {        return ((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue())            .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue());      }    });    Map result = new LinkedHashMap();    for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {      Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) it.next();      result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());    }    return result;  }  public static Map sortByValue(Map map, final boolean reverse) {    List list = new LinkedList(map.entrySet());    Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() {      public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {        if (reverse) {          return -((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue())              .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue());        }        return ((Comparable) ((Map.Entry) (o1)).getValue())            .compareTo(((Map.Entry) (o2)).getValue());      }    });    Map result = new LinkedHashMap();    for (Iterator it = list.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {      Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) it.next();      result.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());    }    return result;  }        Map map = new HashMap();    map.put("a", 4);    map.put("b", 1);    map.put("c", 3);    map.put("d", 2);    Map sorted = sortByValue(map);    System.out.println(sorted);// output : {b=1, d=2, c=3, a=4}或者还可以这样:Map map = new HashMap();    map.put("a", 4);    map.put("b", 1);    map.put("c", 3);    map.put("d", 2);    Set<Map.Entry<String, Integer>> treeSet = new TreeSet<Map.Entry<String, Integer>>(        new Comparator<Map.Entry<String, Integer>>() {          public int compare(Map.Entry<String, Integer> o1,              Map.Entry<String, Integer> o2) {            Integer d1 = o1.getValue();            Integer d2 = o2.getValue();            int r = d2.compareTo(d1);            if (r != 0)              return r;            else              return o2.getKey().compareTo(o1.getKey());          }        });    treeSet.addAll(map.entrySet());    System.out.println(treeSet);    // output : [a=4, c=3, d=2, b=1]

另外,Groovy 中实现 sort map by value,当然本质是一样的,但却很简洁 : 

用 groovy 中 map 的 sort 方法(需要 groovy 1.6),

def result = map.sort(){ a, b ->       b.value.compareTo(a.value)    }

如:

 ["a":3,"b":1,"c":4,"d":2].sort{ a,b -> a.value - b.value }

结果为: [b:1, d:2, a:3, c:4]

Python中也类似:

 

h = {"a":2,"b":1,"c":3}i = h.items() // i = [('a', 2), ('c', 3), ('b', 1)]i.sort(lambda (k1,v1),(k2,v2): cmp(v2,v1) ) // i = [('c', 3), ('a', 2), ('b', 1)]

以上这篇浅谈Java之Map 按值排序 (Map sort by value)就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持武林网。

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