CodeFirst从零开始搭建Asp.Net Core2.0网站

2020-01-17 22:19:47

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一步步教大家如何搭建Asp.Net Core2.0网站，以下所有都是建立在.NETCore2.0环境已经搭建好

右键解决方案>新建项目>

选择Web>ASP.NETCoreWeb应用程序(.NET Core)

选择Web应用程序,暂时不选择启用Docker,身份验证选择个人用户账户(会自动生成一系列和用户认证的代码)

随后生代码层次目录如下:

其中会包含身份信息的相关实现,比如相关实体信息(user)之类的,如果想对扩展微软自动的生成的用户实体类,可在Models中的ApplicationUser下扩展,在此ApplicationUser中添加属性即可:比如添加叫WeChatId属性,添加后如下:

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;namespace DotNetCore20.Web.Models{  // Add profile data for application users by adding properties to the ApplicationUser class  public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser  {    /// <summary>    /// 微信Id    /// </summary>    public string WeChatId { get; set; }  }}

在之后生成运行并迁移,数据库的AspNetUsers中就会多出WeChatId 属性.

一:安装引用

nugnet恢复引用失效时,可在程序包管理控制台输入:

dotnet restore 即可

会发现在恢复指令后在NuGet中会有一个Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design的报错,信息如下:

已使用“.NETPortable,Version=v0.0,Profile=Profile259, .NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1”而不是项目目标框架“.NETCoreApp,Version=v2.0”还原了包“Microsoft.Composition 1.0.27”。这可能会导致兼容性问题

这个库是ASP.NET Core的代码生成工具。包含用于生成控制器和视图的dotnet-aspnet-codegenerator命令,暂时可先卸载,不影响项目运行.

对项目类库的引用有以下几种方式

1.Nuget去安装(官网https://www.nuget.org/packages/)

2.右键依赖项点击菜单中的添加引用

3.可在程序包管理控制台输入:Install-Package引用类库名称

4.可右键编辑csproj工程文件进行添加，然后执行dotnet restore

二.创建实体程序集

右键解决方案>添加项目>

首先创建抽象类,供Entity实体继承,主要为每个实体提供公用属性

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;using System.Runtime.Serialization;using System.Text;namespace DotNetCore20.Entity.Core{  /// <summary>  /// DB表基底  /// </summary>  [Serializable]  public abstract partial class BaseEntity  {    /// <summary>    /// Id    /// </summary>    [DataMember]    public long Id { get; set; }    /// <summary>    /// DB 料版    /// </summary>    [Timestamp]    public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }    /// <summary>    /// 创建时间    /// </summary>    [DataMember]    public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }    /// <summary>    /// 更新时间    /// </summary>    [DataMember]    public DateTime UpdateTime { get; set; }    /// <summary>    /// 状态    /// </summary>    [DataMember]    public EnumState State { get; set; }  }  /// <summary>  /// 状态  /// </summary>  public enum EnumState  {    /// <summary>    /// 删除    /// </summary>    Delete = 1,    /// <summary>    /// 正常    /// </summary>    Normal = 0,  }}

添加一个UserExtend用户扩展类(Entity):

using DotNetCore20.Entity.Core;using System;using System.Runtime.Serialization;namespace DotNetCore20.Entity{  [DataContract]  public class UserExtend : BaseEntity  {    /// <summary>    /// 用户Id    /// </summary>    [DataMember]    public long UserId { get; set; }    /// <summary>    /// 昵称    /// </summary>    [DataMember]    public long NickName { get; set; }  }}

三.创建数据层

添加引用

DAL层需要用到EF实体映射相关和我们自己前面定义的Entity中的UserExtend实体表,所以要添加相关引用,DotNetCore20.Entity和 Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

快捷键:Ctrl+Alt+o 打开程序包管理器输入以下:

install-package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

如果是网络限制下载失败,推荐把nuget镜像改为博客园资源,方法如下:

右键解决方案>管理解决方案的nuget程序包.显示如下:

新建一个数据上下文类,目录结构如下:

DotNetCoreDbContext内部代码改为以下:

using DotNetCore20.Entity;using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;namespace DotNetCore20.DAL.DbContext{  public class DotNetCoreDbContext : Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext  {    public DotNetCoreDbContext(DbContextOptions<DotNetCoreDbContext> options) : base(options)    {    }    public DbSet<UserExtend> UserExtend { get; set; }  }}

在此基本的实体映射相关的代码都完毕,现在还有一步,就是数据库连接字符串的配置

首先打开appsettings.json文件,在ConnectionStrings节点下增加以下

复制代码代码如下:

"DotNetCoreConnection": "Server=(localdb)//mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"

增加后如下:

{  "ConnectionStrings": {    "DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)//mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDefaultDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true",    "DotNetCoreConnection": "Server=(localdb)//mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"  }, "Logging": {  "IncludeScopes": false,  "Debug": {   "LogLevel": {    "Default": "Warning"   }  },  "Console": {   "LogLevel": {    "Default": "Warning"   }  } }}

再打开web网站下的Startup文件,在ConfigureServices方法中添加一下行:

//自定义数据库连接字符串services.AddDbContext<DotNetCoreDbContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DotNetCoreConnection")));

增加后如下:

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.EntityFrameworkCore;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;using DotNetCore20.Web.Data;using DotNetCore20.Web.Models;using DotNetCore20.Web.Services;using DotNetCore20.DAL.DbContext; namespace DotNetCore20.Web{  public class Startup  {    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)    {      Configuration = configuration;    }    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)    {      services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));      //自定义数据库连接字符串      services.AddDbContext<DotNetCoreDbContext>(options =>        options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DotNetCoreConnection")));      services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()        .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()        .AddDefaultTokenProviders();      // Add application services.      services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();      services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();      services.AddMvc();    }    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)    {      if (env.IsDevelopment())      {        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();        app.UseBrowserLink();        app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();      }      else      {        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");      }      app.UseStaticFiles();      app.UseAuthentication();      app.UseMvc(routes =>      {        routes.MapRoute(          name: "default",          template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");      });    }  }}

运行程序,点击登陆(只要访问数据库的操作都可),出现错误页面: