详解ASP.NET Core和ASP.NET Framework共享身份验证

2020-01-17 22:34:43

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.NET Core 已经热了好一阵子，1.1版本发布后其可用性也越来越高，开源、组件化、跨平台、性能优秀、社区活跃等等标签再加上“微软爸爸”主推和大力支持，尽管现阶段对比.net framework还是比较“稚嫩”，但可以想象到它光明的前景。作为.net 开发者你是否已经开始尝试将项目迁移到.net core上？这其中要解决的一个较大的问题就是如何让你的.net core和老.net framework站点实现身份验证兼容！

1、第一篇章

我们先来看看.net core中对identity的实现，在Startup.cs的Configure中配置Cookie认证的相关属性

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env){  app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions  {    AuthenticationScheme = "test",    CookieName = "MyCookie"  });}

Controller

public IActionResult Index(){  return View();}public IActionResult Login(){  return View();}[HttpPost]public async Task<IActionResult> Login(string name){  var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(          new List<Claim>          {          new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,name, ClaimValueTypes.String)          },          ClaimTypes.Authentication,          ClaimTypes.Name,          ClaimTypes.Role);  var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity);  var properties = new AuthenticationProperties { IsPersistent = true };  await HttpContext.Authentication.SignInAsync("test", principal, properties);  return RedirectToAction("Index");}

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>  <title>登录</title></head><body>  <form asp-controller="Account" asp-action="Login" method="post">    <input type="text" name="name" /><input type="submit" value="提交" />  </form></body></html>

index 视图

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <title>欢迎您-@User.Identity.Name</title></head><body>  @if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)  {    <p>登录成功!</p>  }</body></html>

下面是实现效果的截图：

ok，到此我们用.net core比较简单地实现了用户身份验证信息的保存和读取。

接着思考，如果我的.net framework项目想读取.net core项目保存的身份验证信息应该怎么做？

要让两个项目都接受同一个Identity至少需要三个条件：

CookieName必须相同。
Cookie的作用域名必须相同。
两个项目的Cookie认证必须使用同一个Ticket。

首先我们对.net core的Cookie认证添加domain属性和ticket属性

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env){  var protectionProvider = DataProtectionProvider.Create(new DirectoryInfo(@"C:/keyPath/"));  var dataProtector = protectionProvider.CreateProtector("MyCookieAuthentication");  var ticketFormat = new TicketDataFormat(dataProtector);  app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions  {    AuthenticationScheme = "test",    CookieName = "MyCookie",    CookieDomain = "localhost",    TicketDataFormat = ticketFormat  });}

此时我们在.net core 项目中执行用户登录，程序会在我们指定的目录下生成key.xml

我们打开文件看看程序帮我们记录了那些信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><key id="eb8b1b59-dbc5-4a28-97ad-2117a2e8f106" version="1"> <creationDate>2016-12-04T08:27:27.8435415Z</creationDate> <activationDate>2016-12-04T08:27:27.8214603Z</activationDate> <expirationDate>2017-03-04T08:27:27.8214603Z</expirationDate> <descriptor deserializerType="Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.AuthenticatedEncryption.ConfigurationModel.AuthenticatedEncryptorDescriptorDeserializer, Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection, Version=1.1.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=adb9793829ddae60">  <descriptor>   <encryption algorithm="AES_256_CBC" />   <validation algorithm="HMACSHA256" />   <masterKey p4:requiresEncryption="true" xmlns:p4="http://schemas.asp.net/2015/03/dataProtection">    <value>yHdMEYlEBzcwpx0bRZVIbcGJ45/GqRwFjMfq8PJ+k7ZWsNMic0EMBgP33FOq9MFKX0XE/a1plhDizbb92ErQYw==</value>   </masterKey>  </descriptor> </descriptor></key>

ok，接下来我们开始配置.net framework项目，同样，在Startup.cs中配置Cookie认证的相关属性。

public partial class Startup{  public void Configuration(IAppBuilder app)  {    var protectionProvider = DataProtectionProvider.Create(new DirectoryInfo(@"C:/keyPath/"));    var dataProtector = protectionProvider.CreateProtector("MyCookieAuthentication");    var ticketFormat = new AspNetTicketDataFormat(new DataProtectorShim(dataProtector));          app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions    {      AuthenticationType = "test",      CookieName = "MyCookie",      CookieDomain = "localhost",      TicketDataFormat = ticketFormat    });  }}

view

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head>  <title>.net framewor欢迎您-@User.Identity.Name</title></head><body>  @if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)  {    <p>.net framework登录成功!</p>  }</body></html>

写法和.net core 基本上是一致的，我们来看下能否成功获取用户名：

反之在.net framework中登录在.net core中获取身份验证信息的方法是一样的，这里就不重复写了。

然而，到此为止事情就圆满解决了吗？很遗憾，麻烦才刚刚开始！

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2、第二篇章

如果你的子项目不多，也不复杂的情况下，新增一个.net core 站点，然后适当修改以前的.net framework站点，上述实例确实能够满足需求。可是如果你的子站点足够多，或者项目太过复杂，牵扯到的业务过于庞大或重要，这种情况下我们通常是不愿意动老项目的。或者说我们没有办法将所有的项目都进行更改，然后和新增的.net core站点同时上线，如果这么做了，那么更新周期会拉的很长不说，测试和更新之后的维护阶段压力都会很大。所以我们必须要寻找到一种方案，让.net core的身份验证机制完全迎合.net framwork。

因为.net framework 的cookie是对称加密，而.net core是非对称加密，所以要在.net core中动手的话必须要对.net core 默认的加密和解密操作进行拦截，如果可行的话最好的方案应该是将.net framework的FormsAuthentication类移植到.net core中。但是用reflector看了下，牵扯到的代码太多，剪不断理还乱，github上也没找到其源码，瞎忙活了一阵之后终于感慨：臣妾做不到（>< ）。

Cookie认证的相关属性

app.UseCookieAuthentication(new CookieAuthenticationOptions{  AuthenticationScheme = "test",  CookieName = "MyCookie",  CookieDomain = "localhost",  TicketDataFormat = new FormsAuthTicketDataFormat("")});

FormsAuthTicketDataFormat

public class FormsAuthTicketDataFormat : ISecureDataFormat<AuthenticationTicket>{  private string _authenticationScheme;  public FormsAuthTicketDataFormat(string authenticationScheme)  {    _authenticationScheme = authenticationScheme;  }  public AuthenticationTicket Unprotect(string protectedText, string purpose)  {    var formsAuthTicket = GetFormsAuthTicket(protectedText);    var name = formsAuthTicket.Name;    DateTime issueDate = formsAuthTicket.IssueDate;    DateTime expiration = formsAuthTicket.Expiration;    var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity(new Claim[] { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, name) }, "Basic");    var claimsPrincipal = new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity);    var authProperties = new Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http.Authentication.AuthenticationProperties    {      IssuedUtc = issueDate,      ExpiresUtc = expiration    };    var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(claimsPrincipal, authProperties, _authenticationScheme);    return ticket;  }  FormsAuthTicket GetFormsAuthTicket(string cookie)  {    return DecryptCookie(cookie).Result;  }  async Task<FormsAuthTicket> DecryptCookie(string cookie)  {    HttpClient _httpClient = new HttpClient();    var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync("http://192.168.190.134/user/getMyTicket?cookie={cookie}");    response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();    return await response.Content.ReadAsAsync<FormsAuthTicket>();  }}

FormsAuthTicket

public class FormsAuthTicket{  public DateTime Expiration { get; set; }  public DateTime IssueDate { get; set; }  public string Name { get; set; }}

以上实现了对cookie的解密拦截，然后通过webapi从.net framework获取ticket

[Route("getMyTicket")]public IHttpActionResult GetMyTicket(string cookie){  var formsAuthTicket = FormsAuthentication.Decrypt(cookie);  return Ok(new { formsAuthTicket.Name, formsAuthTicket.IssueDate, formsAuthTicket.Expiration });}

有了webapi这条线，解密解决了，加密就更简单了，通过webapi获取加密后的cookie，.net core要做的只有一步，保存cookie就行了

[HttpPost]public async Task<IActionResult> Login(string name){  HttpClient _httpClient = new HttpClient();  var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync($"http://192.168.190.134/user/getMyCookie?name={name}");  response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();  string cookieValue = (await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync()).Trim('/"');  CookieOptions options = new CookieOptions();  options.Expires = DateTime.MaxValue;  HttpContext.Response.Cookies.Append("MyCookie", cookieValue, options);  return RedirectToAction("Index");}

webapi获取cookie

[Route("getMyCookie")]public string GetMyCookie(string name){  FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(name, false);  return FormsAuthentication.GetAuthCookie(name, false).Value;}

其余代码不用做任何更改，ok，我们来测试一下