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C++继承的验证

2020-02-24 14:37:28
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C++++继承的验证,何为继承?为啥C++需要继承,我们得理解清楚先,C++继承可以是单一继承或多重继承,每一个继承连接可以是public,protected,private也可以是virtual或non-virtual,本文作出一些关键点的验证,一起来了解。

  public继承,例如下:


 class base
 {...}
 class derived:public base
 {...}  


如果这样写,编译器会理解成类型为derived的对象同时也是类型为base的对象,但类型为base的对象不是类型为derived的对象。这点很重要。那么函数形参为base类型适用于derived,形参为derived不适用于base。下面是验证代码,一个参数为base的函数,传入derived应该成功执行,相反,一个参数为derived的函数

 

 


 #include
  #include

  class base
  {
      public:
      base()
      :baseName(""),baseData(0)
      {}

     base(std::string bn,int bd)
     :baseName(bn),baseData(bd)
     {}

     std::string getBaseName() const
     {
         return baseName;
     }

     int getBaseData()const
     {
         return baseData;
     }

     private:
         std::string baseName;
         int baseData;
 };

 class derived:public base
 {
     public:
         derived():base(),derivedName("")
         {}
         derived(std::string bn,int bd,std::string dn)
         :base(bn,bd),derivedName(dn)
         {}
         std::string getDerivedName() const
         {
             return derivedName;
         }
     private:
         std::string derivedName;
 };

 void show(std::string& info,const base& b)
 {
     info.append("Name is ");
     info.append(b.getBaseName());
     info.append(", baseData is ");
     char buffer[10];
     sprintf(buffer,"%d",b.getBaseData());
         info.append(buffer);
 }

 int main(int argc,char* argv[])
 {
     base b("test",10);
     std::string s;
     show(s,b);
     std::cout     derived d("btest",5,"dtest");
     std::string ss;
     show(ss,d);
     std::cout     return 0;
 }


运行结果为:

 

base:baseName is test, baseData is 10
base:baseName is btest, baseData is 5

下面改改代码,将函数参数变为derived


void show2(std::string& info,const derived& d)
{
    info.append("Name is ");
    info.append(d.getBaseName());
    info.append(", baseData is ");
    char buffer[10];
    sprintf(buffer,"%d",d.getBaseData());
    info.append(buffer);
}


调用show(ss,d);编译器报错

 

 


 derived_class.cpp: In function `int main(int, char**)':
 derived_class.cpp:84: error: invalid initialization of reference of type 'const derived&' from expression of type 'base'
 derived_class.cpp:70: error: in passing argument 2 of `void show2(std::string&, const derived&)'第二点对各种形式的继承作出验证,首先给出表格

 

 

 

继承方式/成员类型 public protected private
public public protected 无法继承
protected protected protected 无法继承
private private private 无法继承

 

这里解释一下,这里仅仅表达基类的成员,被public,protected,private三种方式继承后,在原基类为public,protectedc,private的成员在继承类里类型为表格里内容

 


class base
{
    public:
        std::string testPublic()
        {
            return std::string("this is public base");
        }
    protected:
        std::string testProtected()
       {
           return std::string("this is protected base");
       }
   private:
       std::string testPrivate()
       {
           return std::string("this is private base");
       }
};
class derivedPublic:public base
{
   public:
       std::string testPubPublic()
       {
           return testPublic()+= "in derived";
       }
       std::string testProPublic()
       {   
           return testProtected()+= "in derived";
       }
       std::string testPriPublic()                  
       {   
           return testPrivate()+= "in derived";
       }
};
int main(int argc,char* argv[])

   derivedPublic dpub;
   std::cout }


报下面错误,说明testPrivate()不是derived私有函数而是base的私有函数
derived11.cpp:16: error: `std::string base::testPrivate()' is private
derived11.cpp:36: error: within this context这样验证private类型成员无法被继承(public,private,protected)注:private,protected略去不做证明
下面只要验证 testProtected 能被第三层继承类继承,但是无法被第三层类直接调用就说明是public继承后继承类型为protected,而基类为Public类型成员则即可被继承又可以直接调用。

 

 


 #include
 #include

 class base
 {
     public:
         std::string testPublic()
         {
             return std::string("this is public base");
        }
    protected:
        std::string testProtected()
        {
            return std::string("this is protected base");
        }
    private:
        std::string testPrivate()
        {
            return std::string("this is private base");
        }
};

 

class derivedPublic:public base
{
    public:
        std::string testPubPublic()
        {
            return testPublic()+= "in derived";
        }

        std::string testProPublic()
        {   
            return testProtected()+= "in derived";
        }

//        std::string testPriPublic()                  
//        {   
//            return testPrivate()+= "in derived";
//        }
};

class deepDerived:public derivedPublic
{
    public:
        std::string deepProtected()
        {
            return testProtected() +="in deep";
        }

        std::string deepPublic()
        {
            return testPublic() +="indeep";
        }
};

int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{
    derivedPublic dpub;
    std::cout     deepDerived deepdpub;
    std::cout    std::cout    std::cout    std::cout}


这里服务器报错

 

derived12.cpp:13: error: `std::string base::testProtected()' is protected
derived12.cpp:62: error: within this context这样就验证了一个是public,一个是protected,protected是不能直接调用的,但是被继承后是可以被public成员调用的。
下面的已经证明,详细步骤就略去如果对该部分验证感兴趣,可以看下面代码。


 #include
 2 #include
 3 class base
 4 {
 5     public:
 6         std::string testPublic()
 7         {
 8             return std::string("this is public base");
 9         }
     protected:
         std::string testProtected()
         {
             return std::string("this is protected base");
         }
     private:
         std::string testPrivate()
         {
             return std::string("this is private base");
         }
 };

 class derivedPublic:public base
 {
     public:
         std::string testPubPublic()
         {
             return testPublic()+= "in derived";
         }

         std::string testProPublic()
         {   
             return testProtected()+= "in derived";
         }

 //        std::string testPriPublic()                   //私有成员并没有被继承下来
 //        {   
 //            return testPrivate()+= "in derived";
 //        }
 };

 class deepDerived:public derivedPublic
 {
     public:
         std::string test()
         {
             return testPublic() +="in 3";
         }
 };

 class derivedProtected:protected base
 {
     public:
         std::string testPubProtected()
         {
             return testPublic()+= "in derived";
         }

         std::string testProProtected()
         {   
             return testProtected()+= "in derived";
         }
 };

 class deepDerived2:public derivedProtected
 {
     public:
         std::string test()
         {
             return testPublic() +="in 3";
         }
 };

 class derivedPrivate:private base
 {
     public:
         std::string testPubPirvate()
         {
             return testPublic()+= "in derived";
         }

         std::string testProPrivate()
         {   
             return testProtected()+= "in derived";
         }

 };

 //class deepDerived3:public derivedPrivate
 //{
 //    public:
 //        std::string test()
 //        {
 //            return testPublic() +="in 3";
 //        }
 //};

 int main(int argc,char* argv[])
 {
     derivedPublic dpub;
    //derivedProtected dpro;
    //derivedPrivate dpri;
    std::cout    //std::cout    //cout    std::cout    std::cout    //std::cout
    deepDerived dd;
    std::cout
    derivedProtected dpro;
    //std::cout    std::cout    std::cout
    deepDerived2 dd2;
    std::cout
    derivedPrivate dpri;
    std::cout    std::cout
//    deepDerived3 dd3;
//    std::cout}

小编带来的这篇C++继承的验证,是不是特别的实用呢,更多关于C++的内容,可以多多关注下武林技术频道。

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