Python语言描述机器学习之Logistic回归算法

本文介绍机器学习中的Logistic回归算法，我们使用这个算法来给数据进行分类。Logistic回归算法同样是需要通过样本空间学习的监督学习算法，并且适用于数值型和标称型数据，例如，我们需要根据输入数据的特征值（数值型）的大小来判断数据是某种分类或者不是某种分类。

一、样本数据

在我们的例子中，我们有这样一些样本数据：

样本数据有3个特征值：X0X0，X1X1，X2X2

我们通过这3个特征值中的X1X1和X2X2来判断数据是否符合要求，即符合要求的为1，不符合要求的为0。

样本数据分类存放在一个数组中

我们在logRegres.py文件中编写如下函数来准备数据，并将数据打印观察一下：

#coding=utf-8from numpy import *def loadDataSet(): dataMat = []; labelMat = [] fr = open('testSet.txt') for line in fr.readlines():  lineArr = line.strip().split()  dataMat.append([1.0, float(lineArr[0]), float(lineArr[1])])  labelMat.append(int(lineArr[2])) return dataMat,labelMatif __name__=='__main__': dataMat,labelMat=loadDataSet() print 'dataMat:/n',dataMat

我们来观察一下这个数据样本：

dataMat:[[1.0, -0.017612, 14.053064], [1.0, -1.395634, 4.662541], [1.0, -0.752157, 6.53862], [1.0, -1.322371, 7.152853], [1.0, 0.423363, 11.054677], [1.0, 0.406704, 7.067335], [1.0, 0.667394, 12.741452], [1.0, -2.46015, 6.866805], [1.0, 0.569411, 9.548755], [1.0, -0.026632, 10.427743], [1.0, 0.850433, 6.920334], [1.0, 1.347183, 13.1755], [1.0, 1.176813, 3.16702], [1.0, -1.781871, 9.097953], [1.0, -0.566606, 5.749003], [1.0, 0.931635, 1.589505], [1.0, -0.024205, 6.151823], [1.0, -0.036453, 2.690988], [1.0, -0.196949, 0.444165], [1.0, 1.014459, 5.754399], [1.0, 1.985298, 3.230619], [1.0, -1.693453, -0.55754], [1.0, -0.576525, 11.778922], [1.0, -0.346811, -1.67873], [1.0, -2.124484, 2.672471], [1.0, 1.217916, 9.597015], [1.0, -0.733928, 9.098687], [1.0, -3.642001, -1.618087], [1.0, 0.315985, 3.523953], [1.0, 1.416614, 9.619232], [1.0, -0.386323, 3.989286], [1.0, 0.556921, 8.294984], [1.0, 1.224863, 11.58736], [1.0, -1.347803, -2.406051], [1.0, 1.196604, 4.951851], [1.0, 0.275221, 9.543647], [1.0, 0.470575, 9.332488], [1.0, -1.889567, 9.542662], [1.0, -1.527893, 12.150579], [1.0, -1.185247, 11.309318], [1.0, -0.445678, 3.297303], [1.0, 1.042222, 6.105155], [1.0, -0.618787, 10.320986], [1.0, 1.152083, 0.548467], [1.0, 0.828534, 2.676045], [1.0, -1.237728, 10.549033], [1.0, -0.683565, -2.166125], [1.0, 0.229456, 5.921938], [1.0, -0.959885, 11.555336], [1.0, 0.492911, 10.993324], [1.0, 0.184992, 8.721488], [1.0, -0.355715, 10.325976], [1.0, -0.397822, 8.058397], [1.0, 0.824839, 13.730343], [1.0, 1.507278, 5.027866], [1.0, 0.099671, 6.835839], [1.0, -0.344008, 10.717485], [1.0, 1.785928, 7.718645], [1.0, -0.918801, 11.560217], [1.0, -0.364009, 4.7473], [1.0, -0.841722, 4.119083], [1.0, 0.490426, 1.960539], [1.0, -0.007194, 9.075792], [1.0, 0.356107, 12.447863], [1.0, 0.342578, 12.281162], [1.0, -0.810823, -1.466018], [1.0, 2.530777, 6.476801], [1.0, 1.296683, 11.607559], [1.0, 0.475487, 12.040035], [1.0, -0.783277, 11.009725], [1.0, 0.074798, 11.02365], [1.0, -1.337472, 0.468339], [1.0, -0.102781, 13.763651], [1.0, -0.147324, 2.874846], [1.0, 0.518389, 9.887035], [1.0, 1.015399, 7.571882], [1.0, -1.658086, -0.027255], [1.0, 1.319944, 2.171228], [1.0, 2.056216, 5.019981], [1.0, -0.851633, 4.375691], [1.0, -1.510047, 6.061992], [1.0, -1.076637, -3.181888], [1.0, 1.821096, 10.28399], [1.0, 3.01015, 8.401766], [1.0, -1.099458, 1.688274], [1.0, -0.834872, -1.733869], [1.0, -0.846637, 3.849075], [1.0, 1.400102, 12.628781], [1.0, 1.752842, 5.468166], [1.0, 0.078557, 0.059736], [1.0, 0.089392, -0.7153], [1.0, 1.825662, 12.693808], [1.0, 0.197445, 9.744638], [1.0, 0.126117, 0.922311], [1.0, -0.679797, 1.22053], [1.0, 0.677983, 2.556666], [1.0, 0.761349, 10.693862], [1.0, -2.168791, 0.143632], [1.0, 1.38861, 9.341997], [1.0, 0.317029, 14.739025]]labelMat:[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0]