python 寻找优化使成本函数最小的最优解的方法

今天来学习变量优化问题。寻找使成本函数最小的题解。适用于题解相互独立的情况，设计随机优化算法、爬山法、模拟退火算法、遗传算法。

优化问题的的精髓是：1、将题解转化为数字序列化，可以写出题解范围。2、成本函数能返回值

问题场景：

所有乘客从不同的地方飞到同一个目的地，服务人员等待所有人到来以后将人一次性接走。

离开时，服务人员将人一次性带到飞机场，所有乘客等待自己的航班离开。

要解决的问题：

如何设置乘客的到来和离开航班，以及接送机的时间，使得总代价最小。

将题解设为数字序列。

数字表示某人乘坐的第几次航班，从0开始，例如[1,4,3,2,7,3,6,3,2]表示第1个人做第2个航班来，第5个航班走，第2个人做第4个航班来，第3个航班走

题解相互独立：组团旅游问题，举办会议的人员接送问题

首先从网上采集航班信息，存储到schedule.txt文件中。共6个起始点，和共同的目的地。每个起止点之间包含多道航班。在txt中记录的就是起飞点、着陆点、起飞时间、着陆时间、价钱。

des_place,src6_place,6:19,8:13,239src6_place,des_place,6:11,8:31,249des_place,src6_place,8:04,10:59,136src6_place,des_place,7:39,10:24,219des_place,src6_place,9:31,11:43,210src6_place,des_place,9:15,12:03,99des_place,src6_place,11:07,13:24,171src6_place,des_place,11:08,13:07,175des_place,src6_place,12:31,14:02,234src6_place,des_place,12:18,14:56,172des_place,src6_place,14:05,15:47,226src6_place,des_place,13:37,15:08,250des_place,src6_place,15:07,17:21,129src6_place,des_place,15:03,16:42,135des_place,src6_place,16:35,18:56,144src6_place,des_place,16:51,19:09,147des_place,src6_place,18:25,20:34,205src6_place,des_place,18:12,20:17,242des_place,src6_place,20:05,21:44,172src6_place,des_place,20:05,22:06,261des_place,src5_place,6:03,8:43,219src5_place,des_place,6:05,8:32,174des_place,src5_place,7:50,10:08,164src5_place,des_place,8:25,10:34,157des_place,src5_place,9:11,10:42,172src5_place,des_place,9:42,11:32,169des_place,src5_place,10:33,13:11,132src5_place,des_place,11:01,12:39,260des_place,src5_place,12:08,14:47,231src5_place,des_place,12:44,14:17,134des_place,src5_place,14:19,17:09,190src5_place,des_place,14:22,16:32,126des_place,src5_place,15:04,17:23,189src5_place,des_place,15:58,18:40,173des_place,src5_place,17:06,20:00,95src5_place,des_place,16:43,19:00,246des_place,src5_place,18:33,20:22,143src5_place,des_place,18:48,21:45,246des_place,src5_place,19:32,21:25,160src5_place,des_place,19:50,22:24,269des_place,src4_place,6:33,9:14,172src4_place,des_place,6:25,9:30,335des_place,src4_place,8:23,11:07,143src4_place,des_place,7:34,9:40,324des_place,src4_place,9:25,12:46,295src4_place,des_place,9:15,12:29,225des_place,src4_place,11:08,14:38,262src4_place,des_place,11:28,14:40,248des_place,src4_place,12:37,15:05,170src4_place,des_place,12:05,15:30,330des_place,src4_place,14:08,16:09,232src4_place,des_place,14:01,17:24,338des_place,src4_place,15:23,18:49,150src4_place,des_place,15:34,18:11,326des_place,src4_place,16:50,19:26,304src4_place,des_place,17:07,20:04,291des_place,src4_place,18:07,21:30,355src4_place,des_place,18:23,21:35,134des_place,src4_place,20:27,23:42,169src4_place,des_place,19:53,22:21,173des_place,src1_place,6:39,8:09,86src1_place,des_place,6:17,8:26,89des_place,src1_place,8:23,10:28,149src1_place,des_place,8:04,10:11,95des_place,src1_place,9:58,11:18,130src1_place,des_place,9:45,11:50,172des_place,src1_place,10:33,12:03,74src1_place,des_place,11:16,13:29,83des_place,src1_place,12:08,14:05,142src1_place,des_place,12:34,15:02,109des_place,src1_place,13:39,15:30,74src1_place,des_place,13:40,15:37,138des_place,src1_place,15:25,16:58,62src1_place,des_place,15:27,17:18,151des_place,src1_place,17:03,18:03,103src1_place,des_place,17:11,18:30,108des_place,src1_place,18:24,20:49,124src1_place,des_place,18:34,19:36,136des_place,src1_place,19:58,21:23,142src1_place,des_place,20:17,22:22,102des_place,src2_place,6:09,9:49,414src2_place,des_place,6:12,10:22,230des_place,src2_place,7:57,11:15,347src2_place,des_place,7:53,11:37,433des_place,src2_place,9:49,13:51,229src2_place,des_place,9:08,12:12,364des_place,src2_place,10:51,14:16,256src2_place,des_place,10:30,14:57,290des_place,src2_place,12:20,16:34,500src2_place,des_place,12:19,15:25,342des_place,src2_place,14:20,17:32,332src2_place,des_place,13:54,18:02,294des_place,src2_place,15:49,20:10,497src2_place,des_place,15:44,18:55,382des_place,src2_place,17:14,20:59,277src2_place,des_place,16:52,20:48,448des_place,src2_place,18:44,22:42,351src2_place,des_place,18:26,21:29,464des_place,src2_place,19:57,23:15,512src2_place,des_place,20:07,23:27,473des_place,src3_place,6:58,9:01,238src3_place,des_place,6:08,8:06,224des_place,src3_place,8:19,11:16,122src3_place,des_place,8:27,10:45,139des_place,src3_place,9:58,12:56,249src3_place,des_place,9:15,12:14,247des_place,src3_place,10:32,13:16,139src3_place,des_place,10:53,13:36,189des_place,src3_place,12:01,13:41,267src3_place,des_place,12:08,14:59,149des_place,src3_place,13:37,15:33,142src3_place,des_place,13:40,15:38,137des_place,src3_place,15:50,18:45,243src3_place,des_place,15:23,17:25,232des_place,src3_place,16:33,18:15,253src3_place,des_place,17:08,19:08,262des_place,src3_place,18:17,21:04,259src3_place,des_place,18:35,20:28,204des_place,src3_place,19:46,21:45,214src3_place,des_place,20:30,23:11,114